IXSKCTS AKFI-U Tl\(; I'AKK AM) W lUHJl.A \ L) TKF.KS ^6 1 



with l)y th'j writLT in l)alsain, s|)i-ucr, hanl and white pines, and in not a few 

 instances they were alnnuhmt enough to cause consideniljle injm-y and 

 materially reduce the market value of the log^s. This species, when numer- 

 ous, also appears able to exist in livinsj^ trees. The writer found a number 

 of these grul)s Oct. i6, 1901 at Hath-on-1 ludson, workini^f^ in li\ inj^^, ajjpar- 

 ently healthy bark and with the point of injury indicated by wormlike 

 masses of pitch, showing conclusively that the grubs were operating in 

 living tissues. The tree under observation was appan-ntl\- not infested l)y 

 any other insect and it appears probable that the beetles must have bred in 

 large numbers in nearby decaying, dead or dying trees and then, because of 

 the lack of more suitable conditions, attacked this living white pine. 

 Another case was observed during the same summer where the grubs of 

 this species were working in what appeared to be healthy pines and their 

 operations were to be observed here and there over a considerable propor- 

 tion of large trunks. It is remarkable how quickly this species infests a 

 dying tree, and in not a few other cases have w^e been led to question 

 whether the Monohammus lar\ae ma\' not have followed the work of other 

 species very closely, even if its attack was not coincident with theirs. 



Early history. This species was noticed in some detail by Dr Fitch 

 under the name of M o n o h a m m i: s n o t a t u s Drury. He characterizes 

 it, M. marmoratus Rand, and M. scut ell atus Say as the most 

 common and pernicious borers of pine timber in New York. He states 

 that felled pine timber allowed to remain in the forest through the summer 

 months is likely to .suffer much injury from these borers, and adds that they 

 invariably make their exit from the wood on its upper side, and, as the holes 

 from which they issue admit water, the timber deca)s rapidl)\ 



This insect was noticed in 1S77 by Rev. C. J. S. Bethune who states 

 that it is very generally destructive throughout Canada and the Northern 

 states, often being excessively abundant in pine regions. He cites Mr E. 

 Billings to the effect that he once saw a pine tree near Lake Clear, Renfrew 

 county, on which he calculated there were at least 300 individuals of this 

 species, while many others were flying about in all directions. Dr James 



