398 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



posterior third of each wing cover. The beetle is also somewhat mottled 

 with white on the sides and legs. The snout is rather long and stout and 

 the legs somewhat so, as represented at plate 19, figure 7. 



The creamy white pupa is about the same length as the beetle and in 

 recently transformed individuals is nearly uniform in color, except for the 

 dark brown eyes and the brownish ti])s of tlie mandibles. As the pupa ages 

 the coloration begins to appear, and in rather old pupae the snout may be 

 reddish brown, and the legs show traces of color. The tip of the last 

 abdominal segment is ornamented with a pair of rather slender, curved 

 spines. 



The grub is a white, footless creature, \ar)-ing in size according to the 

 stage of development. The bark of the infested twig may have all of the 

 inner bark and a portion of the sapwood reduced to r decaying mass of 

 borings. The pupal cells in the example before us are entirely within the 

 wood, nearly y^ inch in length and set somewhat obliquely to the axis of 

 the twig. There is a channel which is packed with borings leading 

 obliquely from the pupal cell to the cavity under the bark [pi. 19, fig. 6]. 



Life history. The life history of this insect has been studied by a 

 number of entomologists, and it m.ay be summarized as follows. The 

 beetles occur most abundantly in early spring, and it is probable that most 

 of the eggs are deposited in the leading shoots at this time. Dr Fitch 

 states that the female places her eggs in the bark of the topmost shoots of 

 the tree, dropping one in a place at irregular intervals throughout its length, 

 and that the worm or grub after hatching, eats its way inward and obliquely 

 downward till it reaches the pith in which it burrows for a short distance, 

 the whole length of its track being about -2 inch long. 



It frequently happens that so many eggs are placed on a shoot as to 

 limit very closely the portion occupied by each grub, and therefore some of 

 them are compelled co burrow in the wood outside of the pith, in order to 

 avoid interfering with those nearby. When they are so close to each other 

 that the burrow cannot be continued to its norma! length, the larvae feed 

 on the walls of their galleries, and thus obtain the necessary nourishment. 



