INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



405 



Bibliography 



1877 Grote, A. R. Can. Ent. 9 : i6i-6_5 



1878 Zimmerman, C. D. Can. I'.nt. 10:20 



1879 Kellicott, D. S. Can. Knt. 11 : 1 14-16 



1903 Felt, E. P. For. Fish & Came Com. yth Rep't, p. 501 



Nantucket pine moth 

 Evctria frustrana Scudd. 



Infesting the new growth of P i n u s i n o p s, P. r i g i d a, and perhaps of other 

 species, spinning a delicate web around the terminal hud, and mining both the twig and 

 the bases of the lea\es; one or several small yellowish larvae, wliich transform within 

 grayish cocoons, either in their burrows or fastened to the twigs, and become small 

 copper-colored moths, with wing expanse of nearly y'z inch. 



The work of this species was met with on hard pine at Karner in 1901. 

 The insect was not specially abundant, and thouoh infested tips were 

 collected, no adults were reared. This species is a very serious enemy of 

 hard pines on Nantucket Island. Professor .Scudder, writing- of this 

 species in 18S3, states that the pines set out on Nantucket Island 20 or 

 30 years before were dying in large numbers. He adds that a great many 

 have perished, and that most of the living trees appear sickly. Miss Mary 

 Treat records this species as most destructive to hard pines in the vicinity 

 of Vineland N. J. Professor Comstock also received twigs infested by this 

 insect from Prof. S. H. Gage of Ithaca. Dr A. D. Hopkins records the 

 work of this species as very common along Alleghany Front. Mineral co., 

 W. Va. He states that though the characteristic mines were found, 

 scarcely any larvae or pupae were obtained. 



Life history and habits. The following condensed account of the life 



history and habits of this insect is that given by Professor Comstock : 



About the middle of May 1879, the scrub pines (Pinus inops) in 

 Virginia, near Washington, were found to be greatly injured by small 

 lepidopterous larvae. On many trees there was scarcely a new shoot to be 

 found which was not infested at its tip by from one to four yellowish, 

 black-headed caterpillars. They were so completely concealed while at 

 work that their presence would scarcely be noticed, and the effect of their 

 work was hardly visible, until the twig was almost completely destroyed. 



