INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES Jy^J 



incision iiiiulr l>v the iiist'ct would heal over and cause littli: after-damage, 

 but the coniljination of the two incisions and tlie killing of the intervening 

 bark causes it to adhere to tiie wood and a large scar is produced, which 

 with subsequent years' growth assumes an oval form, tiie dead bark of the 

 center breaking out. Limbs which have been thickly worked bv the insect 

 become very scal)by and rough, are easily broken ofi by the wind, and are 

 very liable to attack by wood-boring insects. The adults appear about the 

 midille of Jul\' and become nn)st numerous tluring August and .September. 

 They begin oviposition about the middle of the former month, or even 

 earlier, ami continue till the\' are killed b\' the frost of earl\' winter, some- 

 times working as late as the end of October. The number of eggs 

 deposited by a single female exceeds loo, and possil)ly 200. The eggs 

 remain unchanged or dormant in the twigs till the following spring, 

 hatching in Ma\' or earl\- in June. 



Food plants. The young as well as the adults feed on all sorts of suc- 

 culent vegetation, such as weeds and garden vegetables, and are apparently 

 not particularly fond of the apple, much preferring the more succulent 

 annual plants. Mr [. Ci. Jack states that he has found the adults feeding 

 on the young tender shoots of the apple near the groimd, though I)r Mar- 

 latt states that after careful and repeated observations in an orchard, so 

 badl\' infested as to l)e nearly ruined, he failed to find any indication of the 

 insects feeding on the apple, antl hv. concludes that the infestation that 

 Mr Jack observed must- relate to the suckers springing from the base of 

 the tree. 



Distribution. This insect has evidently a very general distribution in 

 the Ignited -States, since it has been recorded from Canada, southward to 

 Missouri, at least, and westward to the Rocky mountains. 



Bibliography 



1897 Marlatt, C. L. U. S. Dep't .\gric. Div. Em. Cir. 2^, 2d s. 



