244 [ DISEASES OF THE PEAR TREE 



pear orchards. The first is Cheimatobia brumata L. 

 which is a small moth, the larva of which has ten feet 

 and is about 2 c.m. in length. Its colour is light green 

 with three longitudinal white lines along its sides. The 

 male winged insect is about i| c.m. in length, with 

 greyish red wings, the posterior wings having a curved 

 black line towards its middle. The female is much 

 smaller, about 5 m.m. in length, with wings shorter than 

 the body, the anterior wings with two black transverse 

 lines, and the posterior wings with only one black trans- 

 verse line. The female is unable to fly, and therefore has 

 to crawl up the stem and twigs to deposit the eggs. The 

 larva eats into the flower buds, and destroys the young 

 leaves. It is also carried along with unripe fruit into 

 the fruit room where it lives in the depression of the 

 calyx of the ripening fruit, and partly eats into the 

 flesh of the pear and causes it to rot. This moth is 

 fortunately rather rare with us, and the loss incurred on 

 its account is insignificant, but has been noted also on 

 the apple, the quince and the stone-fruits. Should it 

 threaten to become dangerous, it will be necessary to 

 cover the stem with a thick ring of tar or other sticky 

 substance, just below the first branches, so that when 

 the female moth attempts to crawl up the stem it is held 

 by those sticky substances and dies there before it has a 

 chance to lay its eggs. 



Grapholitha pomonella H.S. or Carpocapsa pomonella 

 Tr. the codling moth, attacks the fruit of the apple 

 and of the pear all over Europe. Here it is frequently 

 found on the apple but is much more common on 

 the pear, occasionally destroying as much as 75 per cent, 

 of the produce of a tree. It is a small moth hardly 

 reaching i c.m. in length. The anterior wings are grey 

 with dark grey lines or blotches. This moth deposits 

 an egg in the flower when still in bloom, or in the 

 calyx close to the pistil soon after the petals are shed, 

 and the young grub penetrates into the interior of 



