282 [ DISEASES OF THE APPLE TREE 



The green larva of Cheimatobia brumata L. having 

 three longitudinal white lines on each side, when 

 young destroy the leaf buds and flower buds, and later 

 on feed on the foliage, thus causing considerable havoc. 

 The female moth is unable to fly and crawls up the 

 stem to deposit its eggs on the buds at the tips of 

 the twigs, and consequently the best remedy hitherto 

 recommended consists in tying tightly a piece of cloth 

 or paper besmeared with liquid tar mixed with turpentine 

 or other sticky substance which takes hold of the moth 

 and kills it. This is done towards the close of October, 

 at the same time it is advisable to dig deeply the soil 

 beneath the tree. Small stems are whitewashed thickly 

 with -lime. 



Whitewashing the stem with lime is also recom- 

 mended against the following species, whose larvae 

 like those of the preceding species hide themselves 

 among the contorted and crumpled foliage of the twigs: 

 Grapholitka variegana H b. the larva of which is dark 

 green covered with white hairs, and G . ocellana Schiff. 

 whose larva is reddish grey, covered with lustrous 

 hairs. The larvae of these two species also destroy the 

 buds during winter. The same treatment is also recom- 

 mended against the following species which destroy the 

 foliage in the same manner, viz: Teras contaminana 

 Hb., T. rosana L., T. heparana Schiff., T. diver sana 

 Hb., T. lipsiana Schiff, T Holmiana L., Recurvaria 

 leucatella L., and R. n<mella Hb. 



The brownish grub of Nephopteryx spissicella Fb. 

 lives in a leaf folded upwards along the midrib, feeding 

 on the tissues of the same leaf; and the greenish 

 yellow grub of Teras variegana Schiff. lives between 

 two leaves which have been joined together by filaments 

 exuded by the insect. The yellowish grubs of Simaethis 

 pariana L. and Swammer damia pirella Vill. live on 

 the upper surface of the leaf which they cover with 

 a fine web, the second species being in the habit of 



