DISEASES OF THE APPLE TREE ] 283 



tilting up the extremity of the leaf by means of the 

 same web. In the folded margin of the leaf live the 

 minute grubs of Or nix guttea Hw. and of Gelechia 

 rhombellct, Hb. ; and the tiny grubs of the following species 

 live in small bag-shaped webs on the leaf: Coieophora 

 palliatella Zk.,, C paripennella Zell., C. nigricella 

 Steph. and C. hemerobiella Scop. 



The large larvae of Smerinthus TUiae L. , S. ocellata 

 L., Miselia Oxyacanthae L., Diloba coerulescens L., 

 Lycaena Crataegi L., Orgyia antiqua L., Ocneria dispar 

 L., Bombyx Crataegi L.,~B. Populi L., Lasiocampa querci- 

 folia L., Acronicta tridens Schiff. and A. Psi L. feed on 

 the foliage of the apple in Italy, France and other conti- 

 nental countries. The same injury is caused -in the 

 countries above mentioned by the larvae of Bombyx 

 neustria L. r and Brotolomia meticulosa L. which are 

 occasionally also met with in our orchards. The only 

 remedy suggested against these larvae is hand-picking in 

 spring or early summer. The small lively grubs of Cero- 

 stoma scabrella L. and C. asperella L. corrode the leaves 

 in Italy and Germany and at the least interference drop 

 down suspended from the leaf by a filament like a spider. 



The larvae of Hibernia defoliaria L. and Biston 

 pomonarius Hb. are often troublesome in Italy and 

 Germany, eating the foliage and denuding whole 

 branches, and are kept in check by the same treatment 

 suggested for Cheimatobia brumata. Finally, the grubs 

 of the following species are also reported to feed on the 

 foliage of the apple in Italy, viz : Rumia crataegaia L., 

 Phigalia pedaria Fb., Boarmia gemmaria Brahm , and 

 Selenia lunarii Schiff. Cidaria siterata Hufn., Cossus 

 ligmperda Fb , and Sesia myopaeformis Bkk. are wood 

 borers frequent in other parts of Europe, replaced here 

 by Zeuzera Aesculi L. whose large yellow grub with 

 black dots is too frequently found boring into the stems 

 and branches of our apple tree, making long tunnels, 

 always in an upward direction. 



