THE CHERRY ] 381 



nious scare-crows which are put up by the gardener may 

 deter the wary sparrow, but are quite ineffective against 

 other birds, and the only way out of the difficulty is to 

 gather the fruit as soon as it is well coloured. 



The scale insects Aspidiotus hederac Vallot. and 

 Lecanium oleae L. are common on our cherries, and 

 Pulvinaria Oxyacanthae L. and Lecaniiim Prunastri 

 Fonsc. are frequent on the cherry all over the continent. 



Many species of insects are common parasites of the 

 cherry in Italy, France and Germany, arid it is probable 

 that some of them are also to be found occasionally on 

 our trees, but it is certain that so far none of them has 

 been sufficiently troublesome to attract attention. The 

 undermentioned are a few of the more common parasites 

 in continental Europe. 



Aphis Cerasi Fb. of which the wingless insect is red 

 or reddish when young, and later takes a shining black 

 colour; and A. Persicae Sulz. the wingless insect of 

 which is light green when young, and then passes from 

 olive green to yellowish green with black tranverse lines. 

 Diplosis Cerasi Low is a small gnat whose larva causes 

 the tender leaves to become blistered and sickly. 



The larvae of the small moths Grapholitha varie- 

 gana Hb., G. prnniana Hb., Argyrestkia ephippella Fb. 

 and Cheimalobia brumata Lin., and the beetles Rhyn- 

 chites cupreus Lin., Phyllobius oblungus Lin., Ph. argen- 

 tatus Lin., Otiorrhynchus rauchus Fb., 0. picipes Fb., and 

 Poltdrosus sericeus Schall. prey upon the buds in winter 

 and early spring; and the young shoots are often 

 destroyed by the beetles Rhynchites panxillusGerm., Rh. 

 conicus 111., Rh. auratus Scop, and Peritelus griseus Ol. 



The foliage in spring and summer is preyed upon 

 by the larvae of the following moths and butterflies : 

 Anarsia lineatella Zell. Lithocolletis cerasicolella H.S., 

 L. spinicolella Stt, Lionetia Clerkella Lin. Hypomoneuta 

 cognatella Hb., Lyda Piri Schrk., L. nemoralis Lin., 



