THE VINE. ] 475 



In continental Europe the production of large 

 quantities of grafted vines for planting new orchards or 

 for replanting those vineyards which have been destroyed 

 by the Phylloxera is entrusted to well equipped esta- 

 blishments who are in a position to produce annually, 

 at cheap rates, hundreds of thousands, or millions of 

 young vines of approved quality grafted on selected 

 stock having the desired degree of resistance against the 

 Phylloxera and, wherever necessary, able to tolerate a 

 soil containing a considerable percentage of lirne How- 

 ever then: is no reason why what could be done on a 

 large scale by a specialised establishment could not be 

 done on a small scale by the private grower, with the 

 same satisfactory results, although perhaps at a slight 

 increase of cost. 



For this purpose the first object of the grower 

 should be to have at hand a sufficient number of mother- 

 plants of American vines or hybrids to supply all the 

 stock required for grafting. His choice of mother- 

 plants will be regulated by the nature of the soil of the 

 proposed vineyard and also by the quality of the vine 

 which he intends to grow, as it is a generally accepted 

 principle that certain European vines grow better on one 

 American or hybrid American stock than on another. 

 The choice should be restricted to one or two reliable 

 sorts, with perhaps one or two others for trial. The 

 mother-plants are of course grown directly from cuttings 

 or layers, planted either singly or in small groups of two 

 or three together, at a distance of two metres apart and 

 two or three metres from one row to another, and they 

 should be trained to a tripod made of three stout poles, 

 and encouraged to attain full development, in order to 

 yield a good supply of cuttings of suitable size for propa- 

 gation. The tiny shoots should be pinched off, as the 

 cuttings which they yield are too short or too slender to 

 be useful, and at the -same time the energy which would 



