THE VINE. ] 47? 



should be watered in summer, at first frequently and 

 then more sparingly, and in the following autumn they 

 may be taken up, grafted, tied up in bundles of 20 to 25, 

 packed up in boxes with moss, sand or saw dust, leaving 

 the grafted end well exposed, and submitted to a gentle 

 heat in a glass house, or even in a well lighted apart- 

 ment, gradually raising the temperature until the graft 

 has developed into a shoot of 5 to 10 c.m. in them eantime 

 keeping the rooted cuttings well moist by occasional 

 sprinklings of water. The temperature is brought down 

 again gradually to that of the external air, and after a 

 few days of rest the young plants with their graft now 

 well united to the stock may be planted out in their final 

 quarters, or better replanted in the nursery at a great 

 distance apart for another year, to become stronger. If a 

 heated glass house or apartment for forcing the grafted 

 plants is not available, the young stock is grafted on the 

 spot in the nursery, the operation being performed very 

 early in spring, a few days before the buds begin to 

 swell. Grafting in the nurseries is always attended with 

 difficulties as the operator cannot make use of the 

 various tools and mechanical devices now available for 

 this operation easily, quickly and on a large scale. 



Whether grafting is done at the table on the plants 

 taken up from the nursery bed, or on the spot that is in 

 the nursery, without lifting the plants, grafting is gene- 

 rally performed according to the English method of 

 cleft-grafting, tongue-grafting or whip-grafting. The 

 stock is cut off by a clean cut in a slanting direction at an 

 angle of 16 to 18, equivalent to an inclination of 28 to 

 32, on a smooth portion of the stem just below the 

 shoot which has developed from the terminal bud of 

 the original cutting. With the grafting knife a small 

 notch is made across the upper part of the cut, on 

 the wood between the bark and the pith, to a depth 

 of about i c.m. The scion consists of a node having 



