THE VINE. ] 479 



The "Champin" graft, which was much talked of 

 some years ago is a slight modification of the ordinary 

 method, in which the notches are made deeper, from 2 

 to 3 c.m , and the corresponding tongues are of course 

 of the same length. This method offers a larger area of 

 contact between the stock and .the scion and therefore 

 success is better assured, but it requires a greater 

 practice on the part of the operator and the long tongues 

 are more easily contused or injured in the act of inser- 

 tion or when the graft is ligatured. 



In the simple English graft the stock and the scion 

 or node are cut in the same slanting direction, but no 

 notch is made, the stock and the scion being adjusted 

 together and tied firmly. However, owing to the 

 absence of a tongue the scion may get displaced by the 

 slightest movement, and union is therefore precarious 

 To meet this difficulty it was suggested to make use 

 of bits of copper or alluminium wire, or even of bits of 

 wood* like toothpricks which are inserted into the pith 

 of the stock and of the scion to keep them well together ; 

 but this form of the English graft has met with little 

 favour and is now hardly in use anywhere. 



It is now the general custom in large establishments 

 to propagate the European vine early in autumn on a 

 large scale by grafting on cuttings of American vines, 

 submitting the grafted cuttings to an elevated tempera- 

 ture in a glass house, by which the cuttings are forced 

 to form some rootlets and at the same time the grafted 

 scion or bud is forced to push and thereby union or knit- 

 ting is effected between the stock and the scion. The 

 cuttings should be long 25 to 35 c.m., without any heel. 

 They are carefully disbudded to prevent the formation of 

 suckers on the stock of the future vine, and are grafted 

 on the table with the tongue or whip-graft as above 

 described. Then they are tied together in bundles of 

 20 or 25, and packed carefully in an upward position in 



