THE VINE. ] 481 



detaching them from the mother plant, and then layering 

 them in pots, leaving the scion or graft just above the 

 soil, and removing all the buds below the graft as stated 

 in the case of grafted cuttings. In this \vay very strong 

 grafted plants can be obtained, which may be planted out 

 in the course of autumn. 



The Cadillac graft, which on the recommendation of 

 the writer, is now being frequently employed in Malta 

 and Gozo for the reconstitution on American stock of 

 vineyards in districts infected with the Phylloxera, is in 

 reality a side-graft made at convenient depth below 

 ground. The stem of the European vine is exposed to a 

 depth of 30 to 40 c.m., and at this point the debris of the 

 bark on one side of the stem is scraped off in order to 

 have a neat surface ; a clean cut is made downwards and 

 inwards by means of a chisel and mallet on this side of 

 the stem, and a scion 30 to 40 c.m. long of an American 

 or hybrid- American vine suitable for that particular type 

 of soil, is inserted and properly adjusted on one side of 

 the cleft, as in ordinary cleft-grafting. The scion may 

 be tied by two or three twists of twine, and the earth 

 filled in, leaving the terminal bud of the scion well above 

 the ground. The graft usually grows with vigour in the 

 first summer, and may be grafted at ground level in the 

 following spring, with an European scion. In this way 

 the vineyard -is renewed on American stock, without any 

 loss of time or crop to the grower, the original American 

 scion forming its own roots and becoming an independent 

 vine, while the old Huropean rootstock succumbs to the 

 Phylloxera, or is cut clown in the following year when the 

 Cadillac graft has already commenced to bear fruit. The 

 Cadillac giaft is best performed in February or early in 

 March, and the operation may be improved upon by 

 using as scion a cutting of American stock ready grafted 

 on top with a scion of European var'ety by the usual 

 whip-and-tongue graft. The chisel used in this operation 



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