THE VINE. ] 483 



July the lignification of the scions will not have pro- 

 ceeded too far to prevent a prompt union or knitting with 

 the stock. The growing end of a twig is selected as a scion, 

 which should have two buds, the plumule. or extremity of 

 the shoot is cut off about i c.m. above the upper bud, the 

 two leaves are neatly cut off across the leaf-stalk half 

 way between the leaf and the shoot, and the lower node 

 with about i c.m. of the shoot below it, is fashioned into 

 a short wedge about i c.m. long, which is inserted in a 

 cleft made on the cut end of the stock, which should be 

 of the same age and thickness as the scion, the insertion 

 of the scion being made so that its lower bud may be 

 just above the upper bud of the stock. The grafting 

 knife used in the operation should be quite clean and 

 bright, and indeed in Hungary the operators often go to 

 the length of gilding or platinizing their knife-blades to 

 ensure a thoroughly clean cut. The graft is tied with 

 thick woollen thread, covering all the exposed parts of 

 the graft, and the ligature is removed as soon as the 

 scion has resumed its development and grown by about 

 2 c.m. carefully removing all the side growth of the 

 stock, so that all the energy may be concentrated on 

 the growth of the scion. The cleft on the stock is made 

 preferably just above a tendril, which is cut across and 

 affords the means for a more solid ligature, and the 

 whole operation is clone as quickly as possible so that 

 the exposed tissues which are to unite or knit together 

 may have no time to dry. The operation is completed by 

 tying a vine leaf around the graft and scion to shade off 

 the sun for the first week or ten. days until union is well 

 effected and the scion has resumed its growth. The above 

 is the typical Hungarian green grafting, and is that which 

 gives the best results, but other forms of green grafting 

 are known, the saddle-graft being a mere modification of 

 the preceding, in which the scion is cleft instead of the 

 stock and this is formed into a wedge, thus reversing 

 the procedure of the Hungarian graft. 



