500 [ THE VINE. 



C. Methods of long pruning systematically asso- 

 ciated with short pruning. These methods are probably 

 the best for the specialised vineyard, and being the most 

 rational are suitable for all sorts of \ines and for soils of 

 any quality. The methods may be generally described 

 as a mixed type of pruning, in which the mother-bearer 

 is renewed every year, and the biological function of the 

 plants is thoroughly specialised, one part of the vine 

 being destined only for the fruit and the other for the 

 production of healthy wood for next year's crop. The 

 type of these methods is the system of pruning evolved 

 or perfected by E)r. G. Guyot and bearing his name. 

 The methods of mixed pruning are of very ancient date, 

 and the annual renewal of the mother-bearer, as well as 

 the specialisation of the functions of the vine, are not a 

 modern invention. What Dr. Guyot has done was to 

 bring the type to a high standara of perfection, and 

 indeed the true Guyot system is rarely followed, owing 

 chiefly to the attentions which it requires and also for 

 other considerations, but in its modified forms it is 

 largelv followed in most vine-growing countries. The 

 following is a brief description of the Guyot system. 

 The land is trenched manured and levelled, and divided 

 into square sections of equal size by narrow walks which 

 give easy access to all parts of the vineyard. Cuttings 

 or plants are planted at a depth of 25 c m. and at a 

 distance of one metre apart, with the same distance 

 between the rows. Therefore according to this system 

 one hectare should contain 10,000 vines but for the 

 small space about half a metre which is taken up by the 

 narrow walks. In the first two years the young vines 

 are pruned back to two buds. In the third year, having 

 favoured the formation of a strong cane, by assiduously 

 nipping off all other shoots, and tied it to a prop or a 

 reed to preserve it from harm, in winter it is bent down 

 to a horizontal position at 20 to 30 c.m. above the 

 ground, trimmed back to 60 c.m. or i metre, and its 



