THE VINE. ] 501 



extremity tied to a small prop, in the meantime fastening 

 the base of the stem to a strong pole about i \ metres 

 high. In the following summer this horizontal cane will 

 yield some fruit, and will push two or more strong shoots 

 from the bend above the base of the stem. Two of 

 these strong shoots are reserved and tied to the pole, 

 all others not bearing fruit being rigorously nipped off 

 as soon as they appear. In winter the cane which has 

 fruited is cut off, and the uppermost of the two canes 

 which were reserved is brought down to the horizontal 

 position as a fruiting cane and secured to a small prop 

 as before ; the ether cane is headed back to two buds, 

 which in the following summer produce two other strong 

 shoots, and the process is repeated year after year in the 

 same manner. It is obvious that in this system the vines 

 are planted too close together, as particularly in our 

 climate a greater distance is always desirable, even on 

 the poorest soils. A modification of the Guyot system 

 is the so called archetto romagnolo, in which the cane 

 instead of being extendent horizontally is turned in a 

 circle and secured to the same stout pole which sustains 

 the base of the plant. In the spiral method or corkscrew 

 method recommended by Champin the cane is twisted 

 round the same support and secured to it along with the 

 two shoots which in due course spring out from the spur 

 on the stem. 



The double Guyot system, for which the vines are of 

 course planted at greater distances, is a simple modifica- 

 tion of the preceding, the vine bein; allowed to have 

 two fruiting canes or mother-bearers, which are bent 

 horizontally, in opposite directions, and only five or six 

 good buds are retained on each. Two spurs are also re- 

 tained instead of one, although one spur with three buds 

 is often sufficient, the two upper shoots being retained as 

 fruiting canes, and the lower one being in its turn re- 

 tained as a spur and headed back to three buds. Many 



