572 [ THE VINE. 



and nerves. Forms with very hairy or tomentose leaves, 

 particularly if the upper surface has not the glossy or 

 shining appearance already mentioned, even if otherwise 

 quite vigorous, should be discarded, or at any rate should 

 not be retained for propagation, as very likely they do 

 not offer the same resistance to chlorosis as the other 

 iorms. In fact the only objection which can be brought 

 against the propagation of V. Berlandieri on a large 

 scale by seed for use as stock, consists in this habit of 

 giving origin to numberless forms having varying degree 

 of vigour and resistance. 



DISEASES OF THE VINE. 



The vine is subject to many diseases and pests 

 which prey upon the leaves, the stem, the roots, the 

 flowers, the fruit both when young and when it is ripen- 

 ing ; but the worst three diseases which have caused 

 far more injury and loss than all other diseases taken 

 together, are the vine mildew, the vine blight and the 

 vine- Phylloxera. These have been imported into Europe 

 from America in comparatively recent times, and were 

 therefore unknown to the ancients. The ravages which 

 tluty have caused and arc causing, and the recurrent 

 expenses incurred in their treatment, are incalculable ; 

 but the use of chemicals has reduced to a considerable 

 extent, and in some cases has kept well wjthin bounds 

 the ravages of vine blight and vine mildew, and the 

 Phylloxera has been baffled by making use of the natural 

 resisting qualities of the American vines. The vine has 

 however many other pests and diseases, several of which 



