DISEASES OF THE VINE. ] 577 



tissues around the ncde. It is therefore recommended 

 to cut th^ raiu across the noxt node above the bud 

 which it is proposed to r tain, as this precaution ensures 

 the perfect occlusion ot the pkh canal above the ter- 

 minal bud. 



Cold. The affects of cold on the tissues of the vine 

 are particularly important in central and northern Europe, 

 but they are also very troublesome in southern Europe 

 wherever the vine is cultivated at a high altitude above 

 the sea, as well as in low lying places exposed to frost. 

 The cold may affect the vine both when it is leafless, in 

 winder, and then the vine may be killed outright, and 

 when it is pushing out the new shoots in spring. Our 

 winters are never so cold as to be injurious to the woody 

 tissues, but occasionally a cold spring may affect the 

 young shoots, although of course these are rare occa- 

 sions, and the injury caused is never such as to provoke 

 complaints. The congelation rf dew or mist on the 

 tender tissues may cause their death, especially if the 

 thawing process takes {dace at all rapidly. la this case 

 the foliage becomes simp and partly drks up, assuming 

 a burned aspect, and sometimes the leaves which are 

 only partly affected, become covered with red blotches 

 or blisters simulating an early attack of erinosis. Another 

 and more serious class of injuries is that caused by dry 

 frost (l\..=gelafe nere), in which the tender tissues be- 

 come frozen and the evil is aggravated should the rays 

 of the sun provoke a quick thawing. The foliage and 

 the shoots then become limp and die, assuming a brown 

 or dark brown colour in the course of that day or in the 

 next. These injuries from dry frost may take place on 

 calm and clear frosty mornings towards the close of 

 March or in April, but in Italy and in higher latitudes 

 the same may happen as late as the close of May. A 

 good remedy against frost consists in spraying the vines 

 with water taken from a well, or even with spring water, 



37 



