DISEASES OF THE VINE. ] 593 



Islands are Phyllosticta Bizzozeriana, C. Mass., Ph. vi- 

 ticol , Sacc., Ph. Vitis, Sacc., Septonema Vitis, Lev., 

 Septocylindrium dissiliens, Sacc., Ascochita ampelina, 

 Sacc., Phoma Negriana, Thun., Ph. ampelocarpi, Pass, 

 Ph. lon$ispora, Cooke , Ph vitico'a, Sacc , Ph. Vitis, 

 Bon , Ph. lenticulams, Cav., Robitlardia Vitis, Prill et 

 Delacer, Fusartum Savianum, Sacc., Roesleria hypogoea, 

 Thun. et Pass., Leptosphieria vitigena, Sacc., L. appen- 

 diculata, Pir , L. Cookei, Pir , L. Gibellian<i, Pir., Para- 

 physell'i radicicola, Krassl , Monitia fructigena, Pers., 

 Acladium interaneum, Thun., Macrosporium tivarum, 

 Thun., Gloesporium crassipes, Speg , 7 ' ubercularia acino- 

 1-um, Cav., Pestalotzia Thumenn, Speg., P. uvicola, Spe^., 

 P. viticola, Cav., Briosia ampelophaga, Cav. and Nopi- 

 cladium pusilinm, Cav. 



Plasmodiophora Vitis, Viala et Boyer, is the cause 

 of the disease known as brunissure in France, and im- 

 brunimento in Italy, which develops at first as small 

 dark brown spots on the upper surface, which soon 

 coalesce together and invade the whole surface of the 

 leaf, assuming then a reddish brown, and afterwards a 

 greyish brown colour. A similar disease but of much 

 more serious character, comparable to that of Phylloxera, 

 as it is frequently followed by the death of the vine in 

 about two years, is the Californian disease of the vine, 

 due to Plasmodiophora caiifornica, Viala et Sauv. This 

 disease has not yet been imported in Europe. It attacks 

 the foliage, the shoots, the stem and the roots. On the 

 foliage it develops as irregular yellowish spots, which be- 

 come red and then dark red, surrounded by a margin of 

 a lighter colour. These spots increase in size. The 

 shoots of diseased vines develop badly, with short inter- 

 nodes, and show spots like those on the leaves, and the 

 wood shows zones of diseased tissue of a brown or black 

 colour. The same lesions are found in the wood of the 

 stem and branches. The bark of the roots becomes black 

 38 



