28 



of the beds as well as of the young plantation was 

 extremely good. Planting out in this way, where no 

 expenses of cultivation have to be included, as distinct 

 from beds on virgin soil, it may be calculated that 1000 

 stumps, ready for planting will cost about $ 3 ; in this 

 price the cost of cultivation, of the beds, seeding, main- 

 tenance, etc., are included. 



3. STUMPS. 



It will always be best to make up the beds on virgin 

 soil, on land specially chosen for this purpose ; when 

 the plants have been put out, the old beds must not be 

 used immediately afterwards for planting out, they must 

 first be laid down to timber, or be planted with a legu- 

 minous crop so that the distinctive influence of the nur- 

 series is no longer effective. 



In preparing the stumps, they must be cut down to i 

 or 2 feet. Care must be taken to keep on the stem a pair 

 of buds for the development of the growth, one of them 

 forming the trunk. The cut with which the stem is 

 shortened, must be slanting and smooth and must be 

 tarred, so that it will not offer any attraction for fungus. 

 Special care should be taken not to use too thick stumps ; 

 those the thickness of the little finger are the best for 

 planting out. If they are thicker, then the bud does not 

 grow so well into the lower part of the trunk, and in 

 the trunk of the older tree, a bend will exist, which will 

 make tapping difficult. (See fig. 13). 



The tap root should also be shortened to 1^/3 feet and 

 the side roots to little stumps. 



When pulling the stumps, attention should be paid 



