37 



surface soil, the latter method of making- the holes, is 

 in my opinion to be recommended. (See fig. 14.) 



On some estates, I saw that round plant-holes were 

 made by Tamils with small spades, or "chokes". The 

 holes were about 2 feet deep and i foot wide in average. 

 This holing is done quickly and one man can make 

 60 daily. For the development of the tap-root, these 

 deep holes are sufficient, the side roots cannot, however, 



FIGURE 14. 

 Sketch showing the manner of filling plant holes. 



The earth from the sides and the surface indicated by shading is used 



for filling; the loss of earth is replaced by that which has been 



taken out of the hole. 



develop themselves as easily as in wider holes, only 

 for soils where at a certain depth, a less penetrable 

 layer is found, laterite, for instance, or a layer of gravel, 

 or padas or iron-ore, and where, therefore, deep holes 

 must be made, such small deep ones are advisable 

 (see fig. 2). 



4. PLANTING IN VARIOUS WAYS. 



The plants may be put in the ground in three ways : 



a. Seeds at stake. 



b. Basket Plants. 

 t. Stumps. 



