There are several broods in the year the first in April, the second in 

 June, the last in November, but there is also a brood in December in places 

 where the cold is not too great. The simplest method of dealing with this 

 pest is to pick off the caterpillars and destroy them. The application of 

 lead arsenate is effectual, but as there is usually a succession of egg laying 

 females, one application is not sufficient, and it is simpler to pick them by 

 hand. 



A boring insect is sometimes found penetrating the trunk of trees 

 especially in old and neglected gardens. This is not yet identified. It can 

 be killed by a stiff iron wire in its hole and the hole then filled with wax. 



White ants are sometimes very troublesome. In such cases the nest 

 must be searched for and dug out and the queen ant killed. 



The most important pest on orange fruits is the moth (Ophideres) which 

 does considerable damage to fruits at night time. The fruit when almost 

 ripe is punctured and its juice is sucked up by the moth. The fruit then 

 falls to the ground. There are several species of this of which Ophideres 

 fullonica is the commonest one. " It pierces the rind of the fruit with its 

 powerful proboscis in order to extract the sap. The insect is a handsome 

 one, the upper wings coloured in tone of gray to resemble tree bark, the 

 lower bright orange and black. By day this insect hides on bark of trees 

 with the wings folded, coming out at dusk to fly about. It is attracted to 

 fruit, feeding on the juices." 



Another moth which also does considerable damage to orange fruits at 

 night time is Nyctipao Tiieroglyphica. " This is a large deep coloured moth 

 up to five inches in wing expanse. The large ocellus-like markings on the 

 forewing are very striking." 



The lai*vee of these insects have not been found, nor are their food 

 plants known. It is, therefore, difficult to control these two pests except by 

 catching them with a hand net at night. The insect is not very active ; 

 it does not therefore require considerable skill in catching them with a net 

 and lantern. 



Arbela tetraonis is found in old and neglected gardens and also feeding 

 on the bark of a great many fruit trees, such as guava, mango, orange. The 

 larva may be known by the peculiar patches of excrement and silk found on 

 the bark of trees near the bore of the caterpillar which comes out at night, 

 feeds on the bark and makes this peculiar covering on the part it eats. 



The larval galleries and freshly eafen bark around them are evidence of 

 the piesence of the caterpillar which is readily destroyed by syringing into 

 its burrow a' mixture of two parts of chloroform and one part creosote. 



The pest can also be controlled by the following method, b irst remove 

 all excreta and webby material from the trunks of affected trees and spray 

 the trunks thoroughly with Paris Green (proportion 1 Ib. Paris Green, 

 1 Ib. soft soap and 8 gallons water j. Two sprayings in a week will complete- 

 ly check the pest. 



Aspidiotus aurantii is a scale insect that produces scale like spots on 

 the fruit. The remedy for this is spraying with rosin wash prepared by 

 boiling 2 Ibs. of rosin and 1 Ib. of -washing soda together in water till 

 dissolved and mixing with water up to 8 gallons. 



