34 THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



cellulose of the fir 84 per cent and sodium cellulose of th^ pine, 28 per 



cent. 



The extreme degree of pulverization required for the conversion of 

 wood, as well as the comparative scarcity of raw material even for neces- 

 sary paper manufacture, makes it improbable that this method of obtain- 

 ing or cheapening feeding stuffs will be of immediate economic impor- 

 tance. 



8. Predigestion. We distinguish (a) saccharification, preparation of 

 sweet mashes, and (b) peptonization. 



(a) Saccharafication, or the preparation of sweet mashes, is accom- 

 plished with the aid of ferments contained in sprouted barley (malt). 

 Crushed cooked potatoes constitute the raw material. One hundred 

 pounds of potatoes are treated with 0.3 to 0.5 lbs. of malt at a temperature 

 of 122° to 131° F. The sweet mash thus obtained may be kept from 10 

 to 14 hours longer in order to pemiit the lactic acid fermentation which 

 follows to make the mass more palatable. This, however, is not recom- 

 mended. 



Saccharification is also made use of in calf feeding. In order to utilize 

 more perfectly the starchy feeding stuffs, it has been recommended to 

 treat the starch with diastase before feeding (diastasolin), or, what is 

 more economical, to convert the starch into sugar with barley malt. Ani- 

 mals relish "saccharinated starch" and digest and assimmilate it well, and 

 its use reduces the cost of calf feeding 33 per cent (Hansen, Schneider, 

 Schmidt, Pflugrath, Haselhoft'). The meal (ground wheat, starch, potato 

 flour, etc.) is cooked in water or skim milk (about lyi ounces to the 

 quart), treated with crushed malt, kept in a warm place for half an hour, 

 again raised to the boiling point, strained and immediately fed. 



(b) Peptonization is brought about with gastric juice in acid-reacting, 

 and with pancreatic extract in alkaline reacting feeding stuffs. It is prac- 

 ticed with meat meal, blood meal, milk and dairy waste products. No 

 real necessity exists for this practice and it is therefore not in common 

 use. 



9. Baking. The raw material used may be meal, cracked grains and 

 leguminous seeds, bran, meat and fish meal, blood meal, potatoes, chaff, 

 cut hay or straw, molasses, slops, dairy waste products, etc. Salt and 

 occasionally yeast or leaven are added, also sufficient water to make a 

 dough, and the mixed product is baked. Bread or biscuits of this nature 

 are serviceable as dog and horse feed. 



C. The Most Important Feeding Stuffs 



The feeding stuffs used for domestic animals are usually classified in 

 the following manner : 



1. Green forage. 



2. Roughage. 



3. Tubers and root crops. 



4. Grains or cereals, and beans and peas. 



