viii CONTENTS 



Page 



Affect of Age of Plants, Soil, Fertilization, Weather and . . 45 



Climate on Composition of Plants 45 



Hygienic Matter. Advantages and Disadvantages of Soiling . 45 



Diseases, effect upon milk 46 



Uses of Green Forages 47 



Green Rye, Wheat, Barley, Indian Corn, Sorghum .... 47 



Varieties of Clovers, Nutritive Value, Disadvantages .... 49 



Lupines, Clovers, Kidney Vetch, Esparcet, Serradella, etc. . . 50 



Leaves of Beets, Chicory, Comfrey, Potato tops, Thistles . . 56 



Prickly Dyer's Broom, Fungi 56 



IL Roughage 57 



1. Hay 57 



a. Meadow Hay and Aftermath 57 



Judging the Value of Hay 58 



Irrigated Meadows, Woodland, Alpine and Salt Marsh 



Hay 59 



Hygienic Requirements and Uses of Various Kinds of 



Hay 61 



Sweet Silage and Sour Ensilage 62 



b. Clover Hay, Lupine Hay, Leaf Hay and Twig Hay . 63 



2. Straw 65 



3. Chaff and Hulls 68 



III. Roots and Tubers 69 



1. Potatoes 69 



2. Artichokes 73 



3. Beets 74 



IV. Cereal Grains, Legume Seeds 76 



1. The Cereal Grains 76 



Structure of cereal grains 77 



Judging the Value of Cereal Grains 77 



Requirements for Soundness 77 



a. Oats 81 



Varieties of Oats 81 



The grain of the Oat, the oat hull, chemical composition 81 



Digestibility and Agreeability, Judging the Value of the 83 



Oat Grain, Uses and Substitutes 86 



b. Barley 87 



c. Rye and Wheat 90 



d. Indian Corn 91 



e. Millet and Rice 92 



f. Buckwheat 93 



2. The Seeds of Legumes 93 



a. Field bean. Peas, Vetches and Serradella .... 93 



b. Lupines 96 



c. Soybean 97 



Miscellaneous Seeds. Field Spurry, Flax Seed, Rape, Turnip 



seed, Hemp seed, Buck wheat, Acorns, Buckeyes and 

 Beechnuts 98 



V. Milling By-Products 99 



VI. Brewery and Distillery By-Products 103 



1. Brewery By-Products 103 



2. Distillery Wastes or By-Products 105 



3. By-Products of Wineries and Ciderpresses 107 



VII. Sugar Refinery By-Products 107 



VIII. Starch Factory By-Products Ill 



IX. By-Products of Oil Production 112 



X. Feeding Stuffs of Animal Origin 124 



XL Substitute Feeding Stuffs 128 



XII. Calculation of the Money, Value of Feeding Stuffs .... 129 



XIII. Examination or Inspection of Feeding Stuffs 131 



C. General Rules for the Purchase of Commercial Feeding Stuffs . . . .131 



Hygienic Examination of Feeding Stuffs 133 



