108 THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



crystallization. The final filtrate is a noncrystallizable brown mass, syrup or molasses. 

 This is subjected to the strontium process and the last traces of crystallizable sugar 

 are extracted. This "molasses" is then either utilized as a feeding stuff or incin- 

 erated and worked for potash and calcium chlorid. 



Beet pulp in its fresh state, after having been pressed to remove some 

 of the water, is still a very w^atery material (85 to 90 per cent. It con- 

 tains 0.6 per cent digestible protein, a starch value of 10.5 per cent, crude 

 fiber 3 per cent and mineral matter 0.7 per cent. Beet pulp prepared ac- 

 cording to Stefifen is much richer in dry matter (30 per cent). It is the 

 result or product of a special process of sugar manufacture in which 

 only the "purer" portions of the beet juice are extracted. 



Beet pulp ferments or decomposes very easily, and to overcome this 

 disadvantage it tnay be ensilaged or dried. 



Fresh or ensilaged beet pulp is fed chiefly to cattle. Milk cows re- 

 ceive 40 pounds per 1,000 pounds live weight, fattening cattle 60 to 80 

 pounds, fattening sheep and swine 60 pounds. Horses at rest, or under 

 light work, may receive 20 to 40 pounds per head per day, but this is not 

 a common practice. Beet pulp is not suitable for hardworking horses 

 nor for young stock or pregnant animals. It must be fed with the great- 

 est care, and it is usually best not to feed it at all to such animals. Milk 

 cows should not receive larger quantities than indicated, especially not 

 when the balance of the ration is deficient in protein and fat. Exces- 

 sive quantities of beet pulp give rise to hard, white butter of inferior or 

 bad taste, and the milk, if feed to young animals, often causes diarrhea. 

 When feeding wet beet pulp to ruminants care should be observed that 

 a sufficient amount of dry matter (roughage) is provided. 



Dry beet pulp, if fresh and properly stored, contains 10 to 11 per cent 

 of water, 3.6 per cent digestible protein, and has a starch value of 52 

 per cent. It absorbs moisture readily and swells considerably in water. 

 It should have a pleasant odor, be free from foreign admixtures and 

 moldiness and have a grayish-brown color. Horses may have 4 to 5 

 pounds, milk cows 6 to 9 pounds, fattening cattle 10 to 15 pounds, work- 

 ing oxen 8 to 12 pounds, calves 1 to 4 pounds, per day and per head, 

 administered with warm slops, diluted molasses or warm water. Swine 

 may have 1^ to 3 pounds with skim milk, whey or diluted molasses, 

 and sheep 3 to 4 pounds, dry. In addition lime and prosphates should be 

 given. Injurious effects are not as liable to follow the feeding of dry 

 beet pulp as when fresh or ensilaged pulp is fed. Dried beet pulp is 

 sometimes made into bricks, to facilitate handling and improve keep- 

 ing qualities. These should be thoroughly broken up before feeding 

 and soaked for from 4 to 6 hours, otherwise they may lead to obstinate 

 cases of choking. 



Molasses is a viscous, dark brown mass with a characteristic odor and 

 usually an alkaline reaction. If improperly made or preserved it readily 

 sours. It contains a varying amount of water, on the average 22 per 

 cent, and not over 32 per cent if unadulterated ; 60 per cent nitrogen-free 



