STARCH FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS 111 



matter, including phosphate of lime) as principle constituent. It is 

 generally considered wholesome and nutritious for horses and milk cows. 

 Unfortunately it is relatively high priced. 



Disadvantages. — Sickness has often been observed following the feed- 

 ing of molasses and beet pulp, especially in oxen and horses. This has 

 sometimes been referred to as beet-pulp disease. The symptoms mani- 

 fest themselves as indigestion, lumbar weakness, cerebral disturbances, 

 edema of the lower portions of the limbs, hemaglobinuria, intestinal 

 paralysis, colic, skin eruptions, laminitis, etc. Postmortem examination 

 reveals dropsical conditions and erosions and ulcers of the abomasum 

 (?). These affections are particularly to be feared when slops and in- 

 sufficient dry roughage are fed with excessive rations of molasses. To 

 what extent the high potash content of molasses may be responsible for 

 these conditions is yet to be determined. At any rate, these objections 

 may easily be avoided by care in mixing and adjusting the rations. 



H. and C. Stolzenberg succeeded in obtaining alcoholic extracts of sub- 

 stances with a nauseous taste which, injected into guinea-pigs, produced 

 weakness, dullness and loss of hair. 



"Feed sugar," that is, sugar contaminated with molasses, has been 

 found to serve as a good feed for horses, 5 pounds for 800 pounds live 

 weight. The transition to this character of feed should be gradual. In- 

 creased consumption of water is not to be feared. This material is also 

 a good feed for swine, less so for fattening cattle and sheep, but, ac- 

 cording to Malpeaux, excellent for the latter. Its frequently reported 

 injurious effects are not based upon fact. 



According to Kellner it would seem to be of advantage to displace 

 the manufacture of sugar feed with the manufacture of beet pulp ac- 

 cording to the Steffen process. 



VIII. Starch Factory By-Products 



Starch factory by-products, important as feeding stuffs, are the fol- 

 lowing: (1) Of potatoes, potato pulp or fiber; (2) of wheat, spent 

 grains, slop or wash and gluten ; (3) of rice, rice slop or wash and gluten ; 

 (4) of corn, com germ, com oil and corn glucose cake. 



Potato pulp is the residue that remains after the starch has been re- 

 moved (washed) from the crushed potatoes. It contains the peel or skin, 

 fiber and part of the starch, and constitutes a very insiped and watery 

 feeding stuff. When fresh it contains from 3 to 10 per cent of dry mat- 

 ter, which percentage is increased to 25 or 30 after the "surplus" water 

 has been expressed, and to 86 per cent when subsequently dried. Of 

 the dry matter about 50 to 60 per cent represents starch, 3 to 5 per cent 

 crude protein, (0 per cent digestible albumen), 0.1 per cent crude fat 

 and from 10 to 12 per cent fiber. 



Fresh potato pulp, which is very watery, is subject to rapid decompo- 

 sition. It must therefore be fed as fresh as possible, or dried or en- 

 silaged. 



