132 THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



which controls or checks the products of the firm in question, and the terms and 

 conditions under which the experiment station in question will verify the statements 

 contained in the guaranty. 



3. The guaranty of the nutrients which determine the value of the feeding stuff 

 shall have reference in all cases to the protein and fat, but for the carbohydrates 

 only when the latter are expressly included in the statement. The guaranty for 

 fat and protein shall be stated in separate terms for each ingredient. The guaran- 

 teed contents shall refer to the minimum content of each nutrient. The indication 

 of a variable minimum, like 18 to 20 per cent, shall not be permitted. 



The seller shall be responsible to the purchaser for all deficiencies below the guar- 

 anteed contents. Adjustments shall be made either (1) according to the principle 

 of compensating ingredients or (2) according to the principle of chemical latitude. 



a. Compensating ingredients. — By this is understood the substitution, according to 

 actual money value, of one ingredient that may be present in excess, for another 

 that may be below the guaranteed percentage. 



The limits for fat within which this method of adjustment is permissible are 1 per 

 cent in feeding stuffs of 10 per cent or less fat guaranty, or 2 per cent in feeding 

 stuffs of higher guaranteed fat content. 



The limits for protein are 3 per cent but not exceeding 10 per cent of the guar- 

 anteed protein content. 



The limits for this method of adjustment in the case of deficiency of guaranteed 

 carbohydrates or nitrogen-free extract are 5 per cent. 



In the case of certain specified feeding stuffs, special written agreements between 

 buyer and seller constitute the basis of adjustments. 



b. Chemical latitude. — Chemical latitude shall be permitted only upon special 

 agreement between buyer and seller. The words "within chemical latitude" inserted 

 in the guaranty shall suffice for this purpose. This means that deficiencies up to 1^ 

 per cent of crude protein or ^ per cent of fat shall be disregarded unless the defi- 

 ciency exceeds either of these respective figures, in which case full compensation 

 or adjustment shall be made to the buyer. 



In the calculation of compensation for deficiency in nutrient contents one part of 

 crude protein is estimated at the same money value as one part of fat. 



The value of one part of carbohydrates (or nitrogen-free extract) is based on 

 methods of calculation determined by the Association of Agricultural Experiment 

 Stations (see p. 131). 



The calculation of compensation or damages for deficiency of nutrient contents 

 shall be based entirely upon nutrients specifically guaranteed. 



4. When feeding stuffs are sold on the basis of actual percentage of nutrients 

 present, there can be no basis on which compensation may be demanded. 



5. Feeding stuffs containing spoiled, unsound or inferior ingredients not designated 

 in the name or on the label, upon presentation of proof to this effect, may be re- 

 turned and shall be accepted by the seller, and the latter shall, in addition, be 

 liable for all expenses incurred in the transaction. 



6. The determination of the contents of feeding stuffs shall be made by agricul- 

 tural experiment stations mutually agreed upon by buyer and seller. Samples of 

 feeding stuffs for chemical analysis shall be taken as follows: 



7. The sample shall be taken by the consignee or his agent at the receiving station 

 of the railroad, or within three days after delivery at final destination on the farm, 

 etc., in the presence of an agent of the seller or of a disinterested person who has 

 previously been instructed as to these conditions, and in the manner following : 



a. In the case of oil cake, at least 20 whole cakes shall be taken from as many 

 different portions of the shipment. The cakes shall then be broken into pieces of 

 about the size of a walnut, either by passing through a thoroughly cleaned oil-cake 

 crusher or by other suitable means. The crushed mass shall then be thoroughly 

 mixed and a four-pound sample removed. The particles composing the sample 

 shall not be further reduced in size. 



b. In the case of grains, meals, brans, etc., a suitably constructed sampler shall 

 be inserted horizontically into the sacks while the latter are lying on the floor, or. 

 in case a sampler is not available, a spoon or scoop may be used. The sample should 

 not be taken with the hands. Fifteen per cent or more of the sacks must be sampled, 

 and at least five sacks. If there are less than five sacks in the shipment all of them 

 must be sampled. The samples should be taken from different portions of the sacks, 

 not all from the middle or center. 



