144 



THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



Further hints for the examination of oil cakes and oil meals have already been 

 given in this chapter and with the description of the feeding stuffs under consid- 

 eration. For more minute details reference should be made to special literature on 

 the subject, especially Koenig.i^ 



Fig. 77. Green pea. 1, Palisade cells; 2, colum- Fig. 78. Ivory nut, cross section. 



nar cells; 3 and 4, parenchyma. S, Seed coat; E, endosperm. (After Moeller.) 



Fig. 79. Sawdust of Conifer. 



t, Tracheid; p, wood parenchyma; m, (above), medullary rays of the fir; m, (below), medullary 

 rays of the pine. (X 160.) (After Moeller.) 



The tough seed coats of the Leguminosse are composed of very long and to some 

 extent thick-walled palisade cells containing tannin and covered on the outside with 

 a layer of cuticle (Fig. 77). The chief adulterants of meals, brans, oil cakes, etc., 

 consist of rice chaff, fruit-stone refuse, sawdust, weed seeds, screenings and castor 

 oil beans. 



iSKoenig, Untersuchung landwirtschaftlicher und gewerblich wichtiger Stoffe. 

 lin, 1911. 



P. Parey, Ber- 



