152 THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



With reference to the digestibility and iitiHzation of the nitrogenous 

 compounds which are not albumens, see page 8 and following pages. 

 With reference to vitamins see page 7. 



The fats and the carbohydrates may replace each other. One part of 

 digestible fat corresponds to about 2.2 parts of digestible carbohydrates. 

 For practical reasons it is not advisable to feed mature herbivora daily 

 more than 1 pound of fat per 1,000 pounds live weight. Larger quanti- 

 ties are liable to cause digestive disturbances or to impair the appetite. 

 On the other hand, young growing animals can digest, and actually re- 

 quire, considerably more fat. In general, fat is easily digested. Fats of 

 low melting point (rape, linseed and poppy seed oil) are more easily 

 digested than fats with a high melting point. 



In regard to digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract see 

 page 11 and following pages. 



The proteids, carbohydrates and fats may all form fat tissue. The 

 question of fat formation from the proteids has long been a subject of 

 dispute but it is now considered possible. This is a matter of little eco- 

 nomic importance, however, (cf. p. 150 and reference above). 



According to investigations of Kellner, nitrogenous substances not of 

 an albuminous nature (like asparagin in particular) take no part in fat 

 formation in the animal body. 



The formation of fat in the animal body from nutrient fat of either 

 vegetable or animal origin has been definitely demonstrated by numerous 

 experiments. Even such fats as do not normally occur in certain species 

 of animals, like rape oil, sheep tallow (in dogs) and iodin fat, are de- 

 posited in the animal tissues without material chemical changes and pro- 

 vided they consist of palmatin, stearin and olein, they are also excreted 

 with the milk. These facts are of practical importance because they en- 

 able us to influence or control in one way or another the character (melt- 

 ing point, etc.) of the body fat as well as the fat secreted with the milk, 

 by feeding liberal quantities of nutrient fat (oil cake, com, rice feed 

 meal, etc). However, the nutrient fat is secreted in the milk, or with 

 the milk, to a limited extent only, as will be explained more in detail in 

 the chapter on feeding dairy animals. Sunflower seed cake, corn germs 

 and tankage fed to sheep produce a soft, fatty tallow. Rapeseed cake 

 with bran produce tallow of medium consistency, while peanut cake with 

 coarsely ground barley, palmseed cake, as well as cottonseed meal, pro- 

 duce a hard, dry crumbly tallow. The following feeds for swine produce 

 bacon of quality indicated (1 and 2 indicate good quality, 3 somewhat 

 soft consistency, 4 to 5 poor quality): Grain, 1.5; barley, 1.4; corn, 

 2.7; feed beets, 1.7; carrots, 1.5; turnips. 1.6; wheat bran, 2.8; sun- 

 flower seed cake, 3.4; two-thirds grain plus one-third palmseed cake, 

 1.0. Notwithstanding that under ordinaiy conditions the body fat of 

 each species of animal still possesses its peculiar characteristic, this is 

 due to the fact that ordinarily there is always a deficiency of fat nutri- 



