172 THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



concentrates as are necessary to produce specific effects are added. For 

 example, palmseed cake to improve the fat content of the milk; wheat 

 bran or linseed cake for dietetic considerations. Then consult Table I 

 in the appendix and determine the amount of nutrients in which the ra- 

 tion is deficient, and supply these with an addition of concentrates. To 

 provide variety, to increase palatability and thus stimulate the appetite, the 

 added concentrates should consist of a mixture of two or three different 

 materials. The determination of the digestible albumen and starch value 

 of feeding stuffs, which vary in their composition from the values given, 

 or which have not been incorporated in the tables, is made according to 

 the suggestions given on pages 69 and 70. 



In calculating feeding rations the values of the digestible albumen and 

 the starch value of the first four items (hay, straw, carbonaceous feeding 

 stuffs, and the specific concentrates, are determined and added together. 

 The sum thus obtained is subtracted from the total required per 1,000 

 pounds live weight per day, as indicated in the tables. The remainder 

 indicates the amount to be added in the form of concentrates. If only 

 one kind of concentrate is to be added it may be selected from Kellner's 

 tables to correspond in albumen and starch value with the material 

 needed. If the deficiency is to be made up by the addition of two differ- 

 ent concentrates, the calculation is somewhat more difficult. To make 

 the matter more concise and clear a working example follows. 



Supposing it is desired to compound a ration for cows yielding 30 pounds of 

 milk per 1,000 pounds live weight. Such cows would require daily 2.2 to 2.5 pounds 

 of digestible albumen and 11.8 to 13.9 pounds starch value. Local farm conditions 

 permit (let us assume) and require per 1,000 pounds live weight 5 pounds good 

 meadow hay, 12 pounds oat straw, SO pounds beets (average), to be fed up. In 

 addition to this it is desired to administer 2 pounds of coarse wheat bran and 2 

 pounds of cottonseed , meal (decoiticated). In order to determine whether this 

 combination in itself is correct and sufficient the following calculations are nec- 

 essary : 



The quantity taken 

 1 lb. contains — The ration contains — 



Digestible Starch Selected Digestible Starch 



Albumen value consists of — albumen value 



Meadow hay, good qualitv.... 0.038 0.310 5 lbs. 0.190 1,550 



Oat straw 0.010 0.170 12 lbs. 0.120 2,040 



Beets, average 0.001 0.063 50 lbs. 0.050 3.150 



Wheat bran, coarse 0.091 0.426 2 lbs. 0.182 0.852 



Cottonseed meal, decorticated. 0.395 0.723 2 lbs. 0.790 1.446 



Total 1.332 9.038 



Needed 2.2 to 2.5 11.8 to 13.9 



Deficiency — 2.2 or 2.5 minus 1 l.C-f- 3 to 4.8 



The ratio of albumen to starch value is 1 :3.0 to 1 :4.8. 



Malt sprouts happen to have a similar ratio 1 :34, Brewers' grains 1 :36, cocoanut 

 cake 1 :47. 



Supposing that it was desired to make up the deficiency with cocoanut cake only, 



