RATIONS FOR WORK ANIMALS 



175 



Fine-Wool Sheep 

 Per 1,000 Pounds Live Weight Per Day 



1. 

 Legume straw . . 



Clover hay 



Meadow hay II. 

 Straw (picked 



over)i 



Lupines 



Cracked corn . . 



Pressed potato 



chips 



Meadow hay IL 

 Legume straw . , 

 Straw (picked 



over)''^ 



Lupines 



Rice feed meaL . 



10 lbs. 

 5 lbs. 

 5 lbs. 



, 8 lbs. 

 , lib. 

 , 2 lbs. 



40 lbs. 

 . 6 lbs. 

 . 5 lbs. 



.16 lbs. 

 . lib. 

 . lib. 



Beets 20.0 lbs. 



Meadow hay II.. 10.0 lbs. 

 Straw (picked 



over)i 12.0 lbs. 



Rapeseed hulls . . 5.0 lbs. 



Rve bran 2.5 lbs. 



Rape cake 0.5 lb. 



4. 



Potatoes 15.0 lbs. 



Meadow hay II.. 10.0 lbs. 



Clover hay 5.0 lbs. 



Straw (picked 



over)i 12.0 lbs. 



Cottonseed cake . 0.5 lb. 



5. 

 Turnip cabbage. . .25 lbs. 



Meadow hay 5 lbs. 



Alfalfa hay 5 lbs. 



Straw (picked 



over)" 10 lbs. 



Rape hulls 4 lbs. 



Rice feed meal. ... 1 lb. 



Beans lib. 



Corn silage 30 lbs. 



Meadow hay II. . . 6 lbs. 

 Bean or peavine 



hay 6 lbs. 



Rape hulls 4 lbs. 



Straw (picked 



over)i 8Ibs. 



Cottonseed meal . . 1 lb. 



II. Rations for Work Animals 



Since the nitrogen-free nutrients under ordinary conditions serve as 

 the sources of muscular energ>% wide rations will answer the require- 

 ments of work animals (1:8-10). Narrow rations (1:7) are, however, 

 better for work animals that are not yet fully developed and for those 

 from which more intensive work is required (race horses, carriage 

 horses, etc.). The object in supplying more albumen in these cases is to 

 provide a better blood supply, which in turn acts as the carrier of the 

 necessary oxygen for combustion. The extra supply of albumen is there- 

 for not to any extent concerned in supplying muscular energy. 



Work animals can consume relatively large amounts of fat in the 

 form of feeding stuflfs rich in this nutrient (1 pound per 1.000 pounds 

 live weight). Loss of appetite which is apt to follow feeding fat in these 

 amounts is not liable to result in work animals. The exercise necessarily 

 associated with work counteracts this tendency. Fat is a very valuable 

 nutrient for work animals on account of its concentrated form and its 

 energy value of more than twice that of the carbohydrates. It has the 

 additional advantage of less bulk than carbohydrates. 



Rations for work animals are calculated on the basis of the maintenance ration 

 (6 pounds of starch value for oxen and 6.6 pounds for horses per 1,000 pounds live 

 weight) plus the energy required for the work performed. According to Zuntz and 

 his coworkers two-thirds of the energy value of the ration, above that of mainte- 

 nance requirement can be converted into useful work. The physiological energy 

 value of one gram of 100 per cent available nutrient amounts to 1,598 kilogram 

 meters^ for the carbohydrates, 3,642 kgm. for the fats and 1.968 for albumen. Thus 



TStraw designated "picked over" is estimated as used up to the extent of 75 per cent and of 

 the same composition as "very good summer cereal straw." 



8A kilogram-meter is the work done in lifting 1 kilo 1 meter against gravity or the amount of 

 energy required to do this work. — J. R. M. 



