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THE SCIENTIFIC FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



the useful energy per gram of 100 per cent available nutrient, in excess of main- 

 tenance requirement, amounts to — 



533 kilogram-meters for 100 per cent availal)le carbohydrates, 

 1,214 kilogram-meters for 100 per cent available fat, 

 656 kilogram-meters for 100 per cent available albumen. 



Feeding stuffs the digestible nutrients of which are not 100 per cent available are 

 estimated on the basis of starch value instead of digestible nutrients. 



1. Rations for tvork oxen, at moderate work, should contain: 



Digestible albumen 1.0 to 1.5 lbs. 



Digestible fat 0.3 to 0.5 lbs. 



Digestible carbohydrates 10.0 to 12.0 lbs. 



Dry matter 20.0 to 25.0 lbs. 



Starch value 7.4 to 9.0 lbs. 



For oxen employed at average work the albumen is increased to 1.4, 

 the fat to 0.5, the carbohydrates to 12, the dry matter to from 25 to 28 

 pounds, and the starch value to 9.7 pounds. At hard work the digest- 

 ible albumen should be raised to 1.8 or 2.0 pounds and the starch value 

 to 12.8 pounds. If economy or circumstances make it desirable, the al- 

 bumen ratio may approach that of 1 :5. 



The bulk of the feed should not be too watery for work animals, and 

 any tendency in this direction should be corrected by the addition of the 

 necessary dry matter. Furthermore, excessively bulky feed for hard- 

 working animals should be avoided. Roughages alone are not sufficient 

 even for very light work. A suitable feed mixture may be composed of 

 roughage, a moderate amount of chopped potatoes or similar feeding 

 stuffs (beets are less suitable) or dried or ensilaged beet pulp or chips. 

 To balance the ration, oil cake, grain, coarsely ground Leguminosae, mo- 

 lasses, etc., are added. Ample time should be allowed for the consump- 

 tion and rumination of the noon meal and for rest (2^ to 3 hours). 



A. Rations for Moderate Work, Per 1,000 Pounds Live Weight Per Day. 



Dry beet pulp 6 lbs. 



Clover hay 2 lbs. 



Meadow hay III.. 2 lbs. 

 Summer cereal 



straw 6 lbs. 



Winter cereal 



straw 6 lbs. 



Coarse-ground 



beans 2 lbs. 



Palmseed meal ... 1 lb. 



Cocoanut cake .... 1 lb. 



Peanut meal 1 lb. 



4. 



Beets 40 lbs. 



Clover hay 4 lbs. 



Meadow hay II. . . 4 lbs. 



Winter cereal 



straw 12.0 lbs. 



Malt sprouts ... 2.0 lbs. 

 Cottonseed meal 



(decorticated) . 3.5 lbs. 



5. 



Potatoes 20.0 lbs. 



Clover hay 5.0 lbs. 



Meadow hay II.. 5.0 lbs. 

 Winter cereal 



straw 4.0 lbs. 



Pea or bean 



straw 5.0 lbs. 



Rape cake 3.0 lbs. 



