THE LEGHORNS 



13T 



"Scratching shed house with a roosting room that 

 can be closed. Not less than S sq. ft. floor space per bird." 

 Geo. B. Ferris. 



"Good warm houses with open fronts have proved 

 satisfactory with me. Allow 5 sq. ft. per bird. H. E. 

 Humphrey. 



'.'Continuous houses for laying birds, 25x12 ft., divided 

 into two compartments, one as a scratching shed, the 

 other a roosting room. For breeding birds the houses 

 should be 12 ft.xl2 ft. All windows covered with muslin. 

 Not less than 5 sq. ft." F. W. Christie. 



"I have been using the oidinary shed roof house 

 here in Missouri, but I expect to use the Wood's open- 

 front house hereafter. I allow 4 sq. ft. of house room per 

 bird." H. F. Meister. 



"As our birds are kept mainly at the stock barns 

 on different parts of the farm, do not feel competent to 

 say just how much space a hen should have." G. L. 

 Wheeler. 



"Open-front houses. Our houses are 110 ft. long, 

 divided into five pens IS ft. x 20 ft. with feed roorn 10 ft. 

 X 15 ft. Two windows in each pen and one curtain 3j4x 

 10. Give the fowls about 4 sq. ft." Sands & Beilman 

 Poultry Farm. 



"Open-front houses and about 1 square foot per bird." 

 J. C. Punderford. 



"Houses 16 ft. X 100 ft. for 500 to a flock. Good ven- 

 tilation but no open front." S. B. & E. W. Twining. 



"Open-air type, allowing 5 sq. ft. per fowl." Frank 

 Neville. 



"We use both the continuous breeding and colony 

 house, allowing plenty of fresh air, but use curtain front 

 roosts in cold weather." R. J. Elliott. 



"For layers, a house any length desired and from 16 

 ft. to 18 ft. deep, with partitions every 9 or 10 ft., will 

 give good results. For layers I allow from 3 to 4 sq. ft. 

 space per bird. I use houses 10 ft. x 12 ft. for 1 male 

 and 12 females for breeders." N. V. Fogg. 



"My houses are 14 ft. square for scratching room, 7 

 ft. X 12 ft. for roosting, with a 7 ft. x 7 ft. scratching room. 

 This accommodates IS females and 1 male bird." John 

 H. Piper. 



"Wooden structure with alternate glass and muslin 

 windows, the muslin windows to be open by day and 

 closed at night in severe weather." A. M. Pollard. 



Fourth — What kind of yards and how much space 

 per bird? 



"Yards small, 50x75 ft. «or 100 head." J. Leroy Cuiv- 

 ningham. 



"Yards 100 ft. long and as wide as pens inside. For 

 laying stock free range if possible." J. C. Punderford. 



"Two yards of one acre each used so as to keep sweet 

 and have grass in one all the time. Grow corn in the 

 other each summer, which produces a crop and gives, 

 shade in hot weather." S. B. & E. W. Twining. Uti 



"Yards are 27 ft. wide by 125 ft. long, with plenty' 

 of shade. Yards and house room are all the same size, 

 with canvas fronts for ventilation, that is, from scratching 

 room to roosting room, with top ventilation to scratching 

 room." John H. Piper. 



"All our breeders have big grassy yards, equal to free 

 range. I do not think the size of yard used for layensi 

 has anything to do with their laying, just so it is kept 

 pure." N. V. Fogg. 



"Our breeding yards average 100 square feet to the 

 bird, densely covered with mature plum trees; our laying 

 birds have free orchard range." R. J. Elliott. 



"All the room in yards you can give them, but not 

 less in any numbers than 30 sq. ft. Double yards if pos- 

 sible." Sands & Beilman Poultry Farm. 



"The larger the better — not less than 100 sq. ft. per 

 bird. Runs back and front of houses are the best." F. 

 W. Christie. 



"We have never yarded our Leghorns." F., S. 

 Nicholson. 



"Long narrow yards, 80 sq. ft. yard room." C. M. 

 Walker. 



"Free range." A. M. Pollard. 



"Yards enclosed with 5 ft. fence, allowing 300 sq. ft. 

 per fowl." Frank Neville. 



"We yard our birds as little as possible, preferring 

 to give them all the range possible." W. R. Sperry. 



"30 ft. X 100 ft. for each 100 birds if possible, much 

 less just as satisfactory. Our fences are 8 ft. high." 

 Huber Bros. 



"Free range." Harlo J. Fiske. 



"Our yards are SO ft. x 100 ft. We allow about 15 to- 

 20 sq. ft. per bird." Turley & Scobee. 



"I usually have yards of one-eighth of an acre for 15 

 birds." H. F. Meister. 



"Wire netting 6 ft. high and all the space you can 

 give them." H. E. Humphrey. 



"Large enough to supply them with grass during the 

 summer." Geo. B. Ferris. 



Feeding For Best Results 



Correct Feeding of Leghorn Chicks from Shell to Market as Sqnab Broilers, or to Maturity as Layers 



and Breeders. What to Feed and How to Feed. Balanced Rations of Whole, 



Cracked and Ground Grains for Special Purposes. 



Editor's Note;— Feeding poultrv for profit is a science based on a thorough linowledge of the conditions favorable 

 for the most rapid growth of the chiclcen from the day it is hatched until it reaches the market or laying stage. These 

 conditions are exemplified in the two vital factors in practical poultry raising, viz:--the foods and the feeding. The 

 proper blending of the grains in the daily rations can only h.,- accomplished Ijy careful experimenting and this Involves 

 years of patient study and keen observation before results of real practical value are obtained. The most thorough and 

 comprehensive feeding tests with whole grains, dry mashes and scratch foods, made up to the present time are those 

 conducted by Charles E. Adair on the Cyphers Company Poultry Farm. Buffalo, N. Y. The results obtained from the 

 feeding of different rations to growing chickens and laying hens, as well as the gram formulas used by Mr Adair are 

 reprinted bv permission in this chapter, in a somewhat condensed form, from the latest and most complete bulletin on. 

 "Poultry Foods and Feeding," written by Grant M. Curtis, President of the Cyphers Incubator Company. 



CHICKS ought not be fed at all during the first thirty- 

 six to forty-eight hours after they are hatched. 

 This is true, whether they are hatched under a hen 

 or in an incubator. If hatched by a hen, the instinct of 

 the hen teaches her to remain on the nest until all the 

 chicks are out of the shells and they have had time to be- 

 come thoroughly dry. If your chicks are hatched in an 

 incubator, leave them in the nursery space or drawer forty- 

 eight to seventy-two hours, the temperature of the nursery 

 to be held at about 98 degrees the first day and at 95 de- 



grees the second day. By this means the chicks get used 

 to the 95 degrees and when two days old will be 'hardened" 

 somewhat and ready for the brooder temperature. Mean- 

 time by a wise provision of Nature, all the food that each 

 chick needs will be supplied to it from the yolk of the 

 parent egg that in the latter stages of the development 

 of the chick embryo is enclosed in the chick's body. 



The newly hatched chicks should not be fed or 

 watered in the incubator. When they are thirty-six to 

 forty-eight hours old, place them in a brooder that has 



