BREEDING BETTER BEES 123 



queen than by her own. If it so happens that 

 a queen has no opportunity^ to mate, she may 

 still lay large numbers of eggs which will hatch, 

 but they will all produce drones. If her 

 mother was purely mated her offspring will be 

 pure, but if her mother was mismated, her 

 drones will be impure, regardless of the fact of 

 whether she is purely mated herself or whether 

 she be mated at all. It thus sometimes happens 

 that a mismated queen whose mother was 

 purely mated will produce drones which are 

 pure, and her female offspring influenced by 

 her own impure mating will all be crosses. It 

 should be mentioned in passing that one mating 

 is sufficient for life and a mismated queen is 

 unable to produce pure offspring from later 

 pure matings. 



The Practical Result. — AVliile the 

 above conditions add greatly to the perplexities 

 of the queen breeder who would breed scien- 

 tifically, thev offer decided advantages to the 



