38 GENERAL ANALYSIS. 



tally nor vertically, but at an angle to the direction of 

 the spinal column and of the lower extremities; and 

 from the irregularities of its form, has a favorable influ- 

 ence in preventing jars from passing from the lower ex- 

 tremities to the spinal column. (See Fig. 58.) 

 FIG. 57. 



Fig. 57 represents a front view of the Pelvic Bowl, more vertical than 

 when in its natural position. 1, 2, the upper surface of the sacrum, on 

 which the spinal column rests ; 4, body of the sacrum ; 22, point of union 

 between right and left pelvis ; 7, 8, side ridge of hip-bones ; 11, 11, sockets 

 for thigh bones. 



58. THE COLUMNAR PORTION OF THE TRUNK-WALLS 

 HAS FOR rrs FRAMEWORK an exceedingly flexible, elastic 

 column, called the spinal column, from the number of 

 spines or projecting points on its back parts, that serve 

 as short levers in controlling its motions. 



59. THE SPINAL COLUMN is a series of springs, twen- 

 ty-four in number, including those of the neck, of an 

 elastic gristle or cartilage, separated from each other by 

 bones called vertebrae, the size and thickness of which, 

 like those of the springs or cushions between them, dif- 

 fer in different parts of the column. They have short 

 arms extending out on each side of the back of their 

 bodies or main part, with branches up and down to form 

 joints with those above and below, and unite together 



Describe Fig. 57. 58. What has ? What is the most conspicuous property 

 of the gristle of the ear or nose ? 59. What is ? 



