lj- DETAILED SYNTHESIS. 



4. ALL MATERIAL THINGS CAN BE REDUCED by Analy- 

 sis to the Chemical Elements, for it is by that very pro- 

 cess that the existence of most of them is known. 



5. ALL MATERIAL THINGS ARE CONSTITUTED of Chem- 



ical Elements, either by the process of mixture or com- 

 pounding. The two processes and their results are very dif- 

 ferent, and very noteworthy by the Physiological Student. 



6. A MIXTURE OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS EXHIB- 

 ITS merely the collective properties of the separate 

 Elements. Ingredients is the proper name of the con- 

 stituents of a mixture. 



7. Ittus. THE AIR is a mixture, chiefly of the two Elements, Oxy- 

 gen (about one fifth) and Nitrogen (nearly four fifths). If the proportion 

 of the ingredients be varied, the characteristics of the air will be corre- 

 spondingly varied, but not changed. 



8. A COMPOUND OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS is such a 

 union of them as exhibits to our view entirely new 

 characteristics, never dreamed of till seen. Indeed, the 

 chemist in his laboratory witnesses more wonderful 

 realities, more unlooked-for results, more admirable cre- 

 ations, than the most extravagant fancy has ever ima- 

 gined it was in the province of enchantment to produce. 

 The constituents of a compound are appropriately named 

 components. 



9. Ittus. WATER is a chemical compound constituted of two gases, 

 Oxygen and Hydrogen, the latter the lightest known substance, and on 

 that account used to elevate balloons. What a wonderful difference be- 

 tween these two Elements and their Compound ! If the proportions of 

 the components of a chemical compound are varied, the characteristics 

 will be changed, and it will be a new compound. 



10. SOME THINGS ARE partly mixtures and partly 

 compounds. 



11. Ittus. WATER, AS USUALLY FOUND, is a mixture of the com- 

 pound Water proper and Air, the proportion of Oxygen being considera- 

 bly larger than in the atmosphere, enabling fish to live in the mixture 

 as they could not hi the compound alone. 



4. How -? 5. How ? 6. What does-? 7. What is -? & What ? 

 9. What ? 10. What - ? 11. What - T 



