SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF ELEMENTS. 153 



12. ALL THE CHARACTERISTICS MANIFESTED BY SUB- 

 STANCES are not dependent alone on those of the Ele- 

 ments. 



13. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF WHAT ARE CALLED 

 INFLUENCES CONSTANTLY EXERTED UPON THE ELEMENTS 

 AND THEIR COMPOUNDS, that modify their characteristics, 

 causing them to unite or decompose, and exhibit a varie- 

 ty of powers or forces that, uninfluenced, they could not 

 do. 



14. IT IS QUITE AS IMPORTANT TO TAKE NOTICE OF 



THESE INFLUENCES as it is to consider the nature of the 

 Elements, for without the influences the Elements would 

 be of no avail. 



15. THE SUN POURS DOWN three kinds of influences, 

 the Heat) Light, and Chemical rays, each of which is 

 powerful, at diiferent times, in modifying the action of 

 the Elements. 



16. Illus. SUGAR is a compound of three simple elements, Oxy- 

 gen, Hydrogen, and Carbon ; but they will never unite so as to form 

 sugar, unless influenced by the sun's rays. 



1 7. ELECTRICITY OR MAGNETISM EXERTS oftentimes 

 a powerful influence on the combinations of the Ele- 

 ments. 



18. Illus. THE PROPER PROPORTIONS OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN 

 to form Water may be mixed in a vessel, yet they will not of themselves 

 unite ; but if a stream of electricity is sent through them, they unite in- 

 stantly and become Water. 



1 9. VEGETABLES EXHIBIT a secretory influence, caus- 

 ing their growth ; and ANIMALS a nervous influence, modi- 

 fying the Elements, and causing them to exhibit charac- 

 teristics not wholly their own. 



20. There are, therefore, THREE CLASSES OF INFLU- 

 ENCES, the celestial, the terrestrial, and the vital, that 

 modify the characteristics of the Elements as exhibited 

 in their compounds. 



12. What said of ? 13. What effect of ? 14. Why ? 15. What does ? 

 16. What ? 17. What does - ? 18. What said - ? 19. What do - ? 20. What - ? 



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