SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF TISSUES INTO ORGANS. 251 



626. Remark. MOST OP THE MUSCLES ACTING ON THE CHEST, shoul- 

 ders, neck, and head, can assist in bending or sustaining the spinal col- 

 umn. The muscles of the front walls of the abdomen, especially the 

 rectus, are used to bend the spinal column forward. 



527. NUMEROUS SMALL, LONG, DELICATE, BEAUTIFUL 

 MUSCLES ARE PACKED in the hollows upon each side of 

 the spinous processes, and assist in bending the spinal 

 column from side to side, raising it up and sustaining it. 



[(See Figs. 3, 4, PI. 21.) 



528. TWO MUSCLES WORTHY OF NOTICE ARE FOUND 



within the abdomen : the Illiac is attached to the inner 

 surface of the upper part of the hip-bone ; the Psoas 

 arises from the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and their 

 substances, and extends down to unite its tendons with 

 that of the former muscle, when they both extend out 



FIG. 181. 



Fig. 181. 1, lower 

 sternum ; 2, costal car- 

 tilages; 3, lumbar col- 

 umn covered with liga- 

 ment ; 4, crest of hip ; 

 5, 6, 7, under or concave 

 surface of Diaphragm 

 (see Fig. 66) ; 8, 9, low- 

 er back border of D. ; 

 10, 11, central attach- 

 ments called crus, curi- 

 ously braided around 

 openings, 12, for (aorta) 

 large artery; 13, for 

 (Esophagus, and 14, for 

 large vein (vena cava) ; 

 15, front part of lumbar 

 qnadratus; 16, small, 



17, large Psoas; and 



18, Illiac muscle, with 

 lower part removed, as 

 is lower part of 4 ; 19, 

 20, part of the transver- 

 salis and tendon. 



526. What said of? 527. How are ? 528. Where are ? Is there any 

 other muscle extending from the column to the leg-bones ? Describe Fig. 181. 



