SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF TISSUES INTO OEGANS. 361 



1105. THE BILE is a very complex fluid, of an orange- 

 green color, rather sweetish than bitter, copiously secre- 

 ted in nearly all animals ; yet its complete and precise 

 uses have not been satisfactorily determined. 



1106. THE GALL-BLADDER or cyst is a conical bag or 

 pouch of one to three ounces' capacity, beneath the liver, 

 and by a duct opening into its duct at a point near where 

 it leaves the liver. The cyst is constructed of a strong 

 layer of sinewy tissue, lined with mucous membrane. 



1107. THE USE OF THE CYST, as usually described, is 

 to receive and retain the bile till the proper time for it 

 to pass into the duodenum. But the contents of the 

 cyst are intensely bitter, and this character must be the 

 result of a secretion there, even if the whole of the gall 

 it contains is not secreted in the cyst. 



1108. THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM are merely exten- 

 sions of the duodenum, with slight modifications, the 

 valvulae conniventes (PL 29) becoming more numerous, 

 and the villi on their surfaces increasing to an almost 

 infinite number. In the villi lacteals take their rise, and 

 numerous absorbing capillaries also exist. (PL 29.) 



1109. THE CHYME FIG. 239. 



FEOM THE STOMACH, 



passing little by little 

 through the pylorus 

 (porter), is mingled 

 with the pancreatic, 

 hepatic, and intestinal 

 juices, and such chan- 

 ges are wrought in it as 

 gradually adapt all the 

 useable parts to pass in- | 

 to the circulation; by 

 the gentle vermicular or 

 worm-like action of the 



1105. What is ? 1106. What is - ? 1107. What is ? 1108. What are -? 

 1109. What said of ? How is changed chyme spread over intestinal surface? 



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