APPENDIX, N, O. 415 



ing muscles, or the flow of blood through some of the veins. 

 Every Tourniquet should be elastic.* 



N. 



Neither pantaloons, nor drawers, should be girded about 

 the loins : especially in case of overalls worn by hard-laboring 

 men an elastic band should form some part of the waist, allow- 

 ing the most extensive motion of the trunk-walls, without inju- 

 riously constricting their contents ; many very serious evils 

 would thus be prevented. 



Skirts also should always be fully supported from the shoul- 

 ders, and their bands should never gird or constrict the wearer. 

 The invention of the hoop-skirt, thof?h s:> much ridiculed, was 

 a .preat blessing to ladies, enabling them to dress fashionably 

 without the burden previously so oppressive. Their shadow 

 may with propriety grow less, but it is physiologically desirable 

 that parts of them should always be worn.t 



p. 



Drowning, Choking, Suffocation, etc. 



The air-passages opening into the pharynx should be closed 

 when food or drink is swallowed, and it will then be noticed 

 that the tongue, in the very act of swallowing, presses against 

 the roof of the month, firmly holding the epiglottis (30, PI. 30) 

 against which the larynx is involuntarily raised as ir, also should 

 be, and is, when any powerful substances, smoke, etc., enter as 

 far as to the larynx. 



If a person is plunged under water, none of it will enter his 

 lungs, for his larynx will be involuntarily closed ; neither will 

 he swallow any considerable quantity of it. 



The method of restoring a dro\vne;l person is suggested by 

 reflecting upon his condition. He has no internal means of sus- 

 taining his heat ; none therefore should be lost that can be saved, 

 and it should be artificially increased. Remove wet clothing, 

 and put warm articles about his chest in particular. Cloths 

 dipped in water as hot as the hand can bear, often replaced, are 

 best ; bricks, stones, stove- covers, anything warm, but not burn- 

 ing, may be used. Keep him out of any draft of air. The next 



* It will be of direct interest to a class to see the instrument applied, and its 

 effects, and of practical value to each one to apply it. Its cost, is small, and with 

 full description will he supplied to Teachers at a. discount by the Publishers. 



t It may be of use, to c:ill attenti'-n to a very valuable improvement in this 

 article of apparel invented by Mr. I.radley (the Duplex), since it is the lightest 

 and best yet made; it should, however, be suspended upon the shoulders. 



