APPENDIX. 419 



PLATE 9. Fig. 1, skull. Fig. 2, upper jaw. Fig. 3, lower jaw. Fig. 4, 

 palate-bone. Fig. 5, internal, Fig. 6, external surface of the occipital 

 bone. Fig. 7, external surface of parietal bone. 



PLATE 10. Fig. 1, internal surface of parietal bone. Fig. 2, upper, 

 Fig. 3, lower surfaces of spenoid bones. Fig. 4, inner, Fig. 5, outer sur- 

 face of frontal bone. Fig. 6, side view of ethmoid bone. 



PLATE 11. Figs. 1, 2, 3, inner, side, and outer view of temporal bone. 

 Fig. 4, posterior view of ethmoid bone. Fig. 5, under surface of skull. 

 Fig. G, inner surface of lower half of cranium. 



PLATE 12. Fig. 1, side view of spinal column; 1, atlas (Fig. 2, upper, 

 Fig. 3, lower view of same) ; 2, dentatus (Fig. 4, same); 3, cervical verte- 

 brae (Fig. 5, one of same) ; 4 to 6, dorsal vertebra (Fig. 6, one of same) ; 

 5 to 7, lumbar vertebrae (Fig. 7, one of same) ; 8, sacrum ; 9, coxcyx. 

 Fig. 8, side view of frame of trunk- walls. Fig. 10, section through the hip- 

 joint; 6, the thigh-bone ; 3, the hip. *Fig. 9, hyoid bone. 



PLATE 13. Fig. 1, front, 2, back view of spinal column ; 3, inner view 

 of ribs ; 4, frame of chest; 5, front, G, back view of sternum; 7, side view 

 of pelvis. 



PLATE 14. Fig. 1, front view of pelvis; 2, sacrum; 3, back, 4, front 

 view of femur (thigh) ; 5, front, 6, back view of tibia (shin) ; 7, front and 

 back view of fibula ; 8, tibia and fibula, front view ; 9 and 10, front and back 

 view of patella (knee-pan). 



PLATE 15. Figs. 1, 2, 3, upper, under, and side view of foot ; 4, 5, upper 

 and lower surfaces of clavicle (collar-bone) ; G, back view of scapula (shoul- 

 der-blade) ; 7, humerus (upper arm-bone) ; 7, ulna ; 8, radius. 



PLATE 16. Fig. 1, lower portion of ulna and radius, and back view 

 of hand; 2, front view of hand; 3, back view of opening into larynx. 

 Fig. 4, view of ligament; 5, binding cranium, 4, to dentatus, 3. Fig. 5, 

 showing ligament, 7, extending across behind the process, 5. Fig. 6, liga- 

 ments of spinal column. Figs. 7, 8, ligaments binding ribs in place. 



PLATE 17. Figs. 1, 2, ligaments of hip ; 3, 4, 5, those of knee ; 6, sec- 

 tion of knee, showing its lining membrane, the patella, 4, and some liga- 

 ments ; 7, side, 8, back view of ankle and its ligaments. 



PLATE 18. Fig. 1, ligaments beneath foot; 2, of the sternum, and ribs, 

 and clavicle ; 3, clavicle, scapula, and humerus (shoulder-joint) ; 4, of the 

 elbow, and 10, between the ulna and radius. Fig. 5 shows the beautiful 

 ligament, 4, that binds the head of the radius by the side of the ulna. Fig. 6, 

 ligaments of wrist and hand; 7, a few of the same ; 3, 5, 10, 17, 18, mem- 

 branes lining the joints. 



PLATE 19. Fig. 1, cranium and facial muscles. Fig. 2, facium and in- 

 ternal muscles of the jaw ; 3, superficial muscles of the neck ; 4, deep mus- 

 cles of neck ; 5, muscles of the side of the face and throat ; 6, muscles of 

 tongue ; 7, back view of pharynx ; 8, pharynx removed, and the larynx 

 brought into view. 



PLATE 20. Front view of superficial muscles of right side of head, 

 neck, trunk, and lower extremity, and the deeper ones of the left side ; 

 2, deep muscles of the throat ; 3, deepest muscles of front part of the neck ; 

 4, pharynx laid open to exhibit the orifice from it into the larynx, 12, the 

 mouth, 10, and the nostrils, 6. 



