16 ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY. 



forward in sitting. When lying down, do not 

 bolster up the head with high pillows. While stand- 

 ing or walking, hold the head erect, throw the shoul- 

 ders back, and take in full breaths of air. If these 

 positions in lying, sitting, standing or walking are 

 carefully kept in youth, all the curvings and efforts 

 of the body and limbs which come from ordinary 

 labor, will not injure them, and the full-grown figure 

 will be straight, graceful and strong. 



OUTLINE. 



THE BONES OF THE SKELETON. 



framework of the body. 



208. Eighty-seven pairs. Thirty-four single. 



Shapes: Long, flat, round, irregular. 



Composed of animal and mineral matter. 



United by joints, sutures and cartilages. 



Bound together by ligaments. 



Arranged in four groups: 



Head, Trunk, Upper and Lower Extremities. 



(* Twenty-two in the head. 

 I Fifty-four in the trunk. 



WHERE? { Sixty-four in the upper extremities. 

 I Sixty in the lower extremities. 

 ^ Eight in the ears. 



( To give shape to the body. 



To support the softer parts of the body within and 

 WHY? < around them. 



To protect important organs. 

 I To serve as levers to be moved by the muscles. 



WHAT? 4 



