THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 25 



names are formed. This (1) muscle, which occu- 

 pies a very prominent place, begins on the occipital 

 or back bone of the head, and reaches forward to the 

 skin of the forehead over the frontal bone. Its con- 

 traction raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead. 

 It is called the occipito-frontalis. It takes its name 

 from the parts which it connects. This (15) curious 

 muscle, when it contracts, puckers the lips. Physi- 

 ologists call it orbicularis oris. Orbicularis means 

 circular, and oris means of the mouth. So this 

 muscle is named from its shape and position. Here 

 (51) is a muscle which bears the name extensor 

 indicis, which means the straightener of the index 

 finger, this being precisely the work which the 

 muscle performs. This muscle (22) takes its name 

 from its position under the clavicle or collar-bone. 

 So it is called the sub-clavian muscle. We see that 

 some muscles are named after the parts which they 

 connect; some from their shape and position; some 

 from the work which they do, and others from their 

 location. So the many long and difficult names of 

 the muscles which you find on this plate (to which 

 the figure seems to be pointing), and which are so 

 meaningless to you now, are really very expressive 

 and full of meaning, and may, some day, when you 

 are more advanced in your studies, become very 

 interesting to you. 



Health ^ ie com ^ or * ^ the body, its grace of 



of the form and the prompt activity of all its 



es ' parts depend very largely on the healthy 



