100 INDUCTION SHOCKS 
formula is 
M 
z.-f. . 
/ 
Comparing this with the make shock formula, 
M 
L 
the difference between them is seen to be wholly in the 
denominator, and to consist of the addition of a simple 
expression to the denominator of the break shock for- 
mula to give the one for make shocks. Inasmuch as in- 
creasing the denominator of a fraction diminishes the 
value of the fraction, the formulae express the well- 
known fact that make shocks are weaker than break 
shocks produced under equivalent conditions. 
In the formulae as here presented the numerators ex- 
press the influence upon the value of Z of the position 
of the secondary coil with respect to the primary. The 
denominators express the influence upon Z of the in- 
tensity of the primary current, and for make stimuli the 
influence of its voltage also. Since the numerator is 
M 
the same in both formulae, i.e., ' it follows that how- 
