48 GEOLOGY AND HISTORY 



with all these animals. How the hyena obtained his 

 bones, whether from some neglected corpse or from 

 some badly-constructed grave, will never be known ; 

 but the discovery introduces us to a tribe or family 

 of men coming as immigrants into a region already 

 stocked with many great quadrupeds. They probably 

 did not yet dwell in caves, which, at a later and 

 perhaps more inclement period, formed their homes. 

 Dupont concludes from the condition of the bones 

 that on both the older surfaces the cave bear was 

 the later tenant, and had replaced the lion on the first 

 and the hyena on the second. 



The remaining surfaces introduce us to man as a 

 cave-dweller. On the oldest of them are found not 

 only abundance of debris of food, but worked flints 

 and bones, objects of ornament, and evidences of the 

 use of fire. The two higher layers show works of 

 art in more varied and improved forms, as if a 

 certain progress in the arts of life had taken place 

 during the occupancy of the cave. Among the 

 objects in the upper layers were red oxide of iron, 

 showing the use of colouring matter for the skin or 

 garments, bone needles, proving the manufacture of 

 clothing by sewing, bone points for darts, skilfully- 

 barbed bone harpoons, ornaments made of perforated 

 teeth of animals, and fragments of bone, and a 

 remarkable necklace of a hundred and twenty-four 

 silicified shells of the genus Turritella, looking like 

 spirals of agate, with a pendant made of another and 

 larger shell. These shells are not known to occur 



