60 GEOLOGY AND HISTORY 



painted themselves with red oxide of iron, and used 

 bodkins of bone, and long and beautifully-formed 

 flint knives, perhaps for dividing their food, or perhaps 

 for sacrificial purposes. Skulls found at Clichy and 

 Crenelle in 1868 and 1869 are described by Professor 

 Broca and M. Fleurens as of the same general type, 

 and the remains found at Gibraltar and in the cave 

 of Paviland, in England, seem also to have belonged 

 to this race. The celebrated Engis skull from one of 



NEANDERTHAL SKOLL-TVVO OUTLI.NES : THE OUTER 



GIVING THE MORE CORRECT FORM (from Science) 



the Belgian caves, which is believed to have belonged 

 to a contemporary of the mammoth, is also of this 

 type, though less massive than that of Cro-magnon ; 

 and lastly, even the somewhat degraded Neanderthal 

 skull, found in a cave near Diisseldorf, though, like 

 those of Clichy, Canstadt, Spy and Gibraltar, inferior 

 in frontal development, is referable to the same pe- 

 culiar long-headed style of man, in so far as can be 

 judged from the portion that remains, though cer- 

 tainly to a ruder and more degraded variety, com- 



