THE PREHISTORIC EAST 179. 



and of the suzerainty of Adonizedec, king of Jeru- 

 salem, in the time of Joshua. 



At the time in question, Jerusalem was ruled by 

 a king or chief, subject to Egypt, but, as in the times 

 of Abraham and Joshua, exercising some headship 

 over neighbouring cities. He complains of certain 

 hostile peoples called chabiri> a name supposed by 

 Zimmel 1 to be equivalent to Ibrim or Hebrews, which 

 to some may seem strange, as the Israelites were, 

 according to the generally received chronology, at 

 this time in Egypt. We must bear in mind, how- 

 ever, that according to the Bible the Israelites were 

 not the only 'children of Eber.' The Edomites, 

 Moabites, Ammonites, Ishmaelites, and Midianites 

 were equally entitled to this name ; and we know, 

 from the second chapter of Deuteronomy, that these 

 were warlike and intrusive peoples, who had, before 

 the Exodus, dispossessed several native tribes, so 

 that we do not wonder at the fact that a king of 

 Jerusalem might have been suffering from their 

 attacks long before the Exodus. 2 It may be noted 

 incidentally here, that this wide application of the term 

 Hebrew accords with the use of the name Aperiu 

 for Semitic peoples other than Israelites in Egypt 



1 Inaugural Lecture, Halle, 1891. Possibly these people were 

 merely ' confederate ' Hittites and Amorites(Sayce, Records of the Past). 



2 I cannot agree with Conder that the Exodus took place as early 

 as the time of Amunoph III. The evidence we have from Egyptian 

 sources plainly indicates one of the immediate successors of Rameses II. 

 as the Pharaoh of the Exodus. 



M 2 



