212 GEOLOGY AND HISTORY 



demands that we should suppose a primitive condition 

 in which man, careless and happy, should subsist on 

 the spontaneous bounty of nature in some favoured 

 * garden of the Lord.' 



2. If we inquire as to the nature of the interval 

 which separates man from the lower animals, we find 

 that it exists with reference both to his rational and 

 physical nature. With respect to the first we may 

 affirm in man the existence of a lower (psychical) 

 intelligence, similar to that of the inferior animals, 

 and of a spiritual nature allying him with higher 

 intelligences, and with God Himself. Rightly con- 

 sidered, this places the doctrine of creation in a very 

 firm position. Those who deny it must adopt one of 

 two alternatives. Either they must refuse to admit 

 the evidence in man of any nature higher than that 

 of brutes a conclusion which common sense, as well 

 as mental science, must always refuse to admit or 

 they must attempt to bridge over the ' chasm,' as it 

 has been called, which separates the instinctive nature 

 of the animal from the rational and moral nature of 

 man an effort confessedly futile. 



3. As to the body of man, the case is different, but 

 still perfectly in harmony with the idea of his higher 

 nature. Man, as to his body, is confessedly an 

 animal, of the earth earthy. He is also a member of 

 the province vertebrata, and the class mammalia ; 

 but in that class he constitutes not only a distinct 

 species and genus, but even a distinct family, or 

 order. In other words, he is the sole species of his 



