ALTERNANTHERA 



ALYSSUM 



A. peruvia'na. See A. VERSICOLOR. 

 ., psittaci'na (parrot-like). See A. PULCHELLA. 

 ., pulche'lla (B. R., t. 1008). Brazil. 

 .. revolu'ta (G. W., 1904, 700). Chili. 

 ., Si'ntsii (Sims's). See A. LIGTU. 

 spathula' ta. \ to I. Reddish. Chili. 

 ,. Xei'Uii (B. M., t. 3105). 

 ,, versi'color. Chili. 

 ,, ni'veo-margina'ta. Leaves white margined. 1875. 



ALTERNANTHFRA. (Alluding to the anthers being 

 alternately barren. Nat. ord. Amaranths [Amarantaceae]. 

 Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Chiefly stove herbaceous perennials propagated from 

 cuttings in stove or on hotbed ; Amabilis, ficoidea, 

 paronychioides, and other garden varieties, are exten- 

 sively used for carpet-bedding, but though they grow 

 'well in the open during the summer they require stove 

 treatment in winter, and should be kept on a shelf close 

 to the glass. Also known as Telanthera. 

 A. Achyra'ntha (chaff-flowered). i. White. July. 



Buenos Ayres. 1732. 



., ama'bilis (111. Hort.. 1868, t. 558). See TELAN- 

 THERA FICOIDEA. 



cane'scens (hoary), i. White. July. Cumana. 1825. 

 caracasa'na (Caraccas). i. White. July. Caraccas. 



1819. 



denticula'ta (finely-toothed-leaved). See A. SESSILIS. 

 ,. ficoi'dea. See TELANTHERA FICOIDEA. 

 .. versi'color (111. Hort., 12, t. 440). See TELAN- 

 THERA VERSICOLOR. 

 fo'rn 

 Ind. 



flave'scens (yellowish), x. July. Colombia. 1824. 

 ,, frutSscens (shrubby), i. White. July. Peru. 1820. 



This will do in a greenhouse. 

 nodiflo'ra (knot-flowered). White. May. N. 



Holland. 1826. 



paronychioi'des. See TELANTHERA BETTZICHIANA. 

 au'rea. 

 ,, magni'ftca. 

 ma'jor. 

 polygonoi'aes (polygonum-like). See TELANTHERA 



POLYCONOIDES. 



., procu'mbens (procumbent). 4. White. July. Brazil. 



1818. 

 pulche'lla (pretty). i. June. Trinidad. 1817. 



Greenhouse herb. 



seri'cea (silky). 2. White. July. Quito, 1820. 

 se'ssilis (stalkless). J. July. Brown. E. Ind. 



1778. A biennial. 



,, amce'na (111. Hort., 1865, t. 447). See TELAN- 

 THERA AMOZNA. 



, spathula'ta (111. Hort., 1865, t. 445). See TELAN- 

 THERA FICOIDEA. 

 spino'sa (spinous). Yellow. June. 1823. Stove 



annual. 

 tersi'color. See TELANTHERA VERSICOLOR. 



ALTHJE A. Mallow. (From altheo, to cure ; in refer- 

 ence to the medicinal qualities. Nat. ord. Mallowworts 

 [Malvaceas]. Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 8-Polyandria.) 



The biennials and annuals sow in spring ; the herbace- 

 ous dividing the roots, or seeds, which, sown as soon as 

 ripe, produce flowering plants next year. A. ro'sea is 

 the Hollyhock. For culture of this and its varieties, 

 see HOLLYHOCK. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 



A. acau'lis (stemless). 2. Purple. July. Aleppo. 1680. 

 hirsute (hairy) 2. White. July. Britain. 

 Ludwi'gii (Ludwig's). 2. Pink. July. Sicily. 1791. 



HARDY BIENNIAL 



A. cariba'a (Caribbean). See A. ROSEA. 

 ,, chine' nsis. See A. ROSEA. 

 ficifo'lia (fig-leaved). 6. Orange. July. Siberia. 



1597- 



, frolovia'na (Frolove's). 3. July. Siberia. 1827. 

 pa'llida (pale-flowered). 6. Pale red. July. Hun- 

 gary. 1805. 



., ro'sea (the hollyhock). Red. August. Orient. 1573. 

 ., ,. bi'loba (two-lobed H.). 8. Red. July. 

 SicbSri (Sieber's). 4. Purple. July. Sicily. 1829. 

 ., ttria'ta (streaked). 5. White. July. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS. 



A. cannabi'na (hemp- leaved). 6. Purple. July. South 

 of Europe. 1597. 

 ., nurbone'nsis. 



flexuo'sa (zigzag). 3. Pink. July. E. Ind. 1803. 



,, narbone'nsis (Narbonne). See A. CANNABINA. 



., nudiflo'ra (naked-flowered). 6. White. July. 

 Siberia. 1827. 



officina'lis (officinal, Marsh-mallow). 4. Flesh. July. 

 Britain. 



,, taurine' nsis (Turin). See A. OFFICINALIS. 

 ALTTNGIA. (In honour of Alting, a German botanist. 

 Nat. ord. Conifers [Coniferae]. Linn. 22-Dicecia, i$-Mona- 

 delphia.) 



Now referred to Araucaria, which see. 

 A. Cunningha'mi (Cunningham's). 30. A petal. N. 

 Holland. 1824. 



exceflsa (tall). 100. Apetal. Norfolk Island. 1796. 

 ALTITUDE, or elevation above the sea, has a great 

 influence over vegetation. The greater the altitude the 

 greater the reduction of temperature ; so much so that 

 every 600 feet of altitude are believed to reduce the 

 annual temperature as much as receding a degree from 

 the equator, either to the north or to the south. But 

 this rule is far from universally applicable ; for the 

 limit of perpetual snow at the equator is at the height 

 of 15,000 feet ; whereas, in the 35 th degree of north 

 latitude, the limit is at 11,000 feet, being an average of 

 about 120 feet of altitude for every degree of recession 

 from the equator. In the 45th degree, the limit is 

 8400 feet, being an average of 146 feet for every degree ; 

 in the soth degree, 6000 feet, or 180 feet for each degree ; 

 in the 6oth, 3000 feet, or 200 feet for a degree ; and in 

 the 7oth, from 1200 to 2000 feet, or about the same for 

 each degree as to the 6oth degree of latitude. Now we 

 know of no reason why the temperature of elevations 

 below the snow-line should not follow the same grada- 

 tions ; and if this be so, these may be taken as a rule. 

 All plants growing above 7000 feet under the equator, 

 ought to grow in the open air, in the latitude of London. 

 In general, good vegetation is produced at the same 

 distance from the snow-line in the same latitudes. Many 

 plants have been wrongly treated through taking the 

 latitude, without regard to elevation. 



ALUMINOUS, applied to land, means heavy, owing 

 to the presence of clay. 



ALY'SSUM. Madwort. (From a, not, and lyssa, 

 rage ; in reference to a fable that the plant allayed anger. 

 Nat. ord. Crucifers [Cruciferae]. Linn. i$-Tetra- 

 dynamia.) 



Seeds, cuttings, and root divisions ; common soil. 

 Mostly yellow-flowered and hardy. The best plants of 

 the shrubs are from cuttings in April and May, and 

 struck in a hotbed. They flower next year. The saxa- 

 tile is the best yellow, and for scent none surpass the 

 white sweet alyssum of the gardens, which will sow 

 itself in the ground, and may be sowed several times 

 during the summer, by the side of borders, like the 

 Virginia stock. The evergreen shrubs, as they are 

 called, more resemble herbaceous plants, they are so 

 lowly in their growth. They are best propagated by 

 cuttings of the points of the shoots, two or three inches 

 in length, inserted in sandy loam, early in the season, 

 and in a shady place. Variegatum is a little tender. 

 Though all grow freely in common soil, yet to have them 

 in perfection they should be used as rock or hillock plants. 

 Even when planted in the border they succeed best when 

 planted in little mounds. The variegatum makes a fine 

 edging to any brilliant-coloured bed. 



EVERGREEN SHRUBS. 



A. atla'nticum (Atlantic). See A. MONTANUM. 

 cane'scens (hoary). White. April. Siberia. 1828. 

 cre'ticum (Cretan). J. Yellow. July. Crete. 1739. 

 ,, gemone'nse (German), x. April. Europe. 1820. 

 ,, obtusifo'lium (blunt-leaved). See A. ALPESTRE. 

 ,, orienia'lf (eastern), x. April. Crete. 

 ,, variega'tum (variegated- leaved). April. Gardens. 

 saxa'tile (rock), x. June. Candia. 1710. 

 ,, lu'teum (Jard., 1906, 29). 

 citn'num. Lemon. 

 fio'reple'no. Double. 

 variega'tum. 



