APHELEXIS 



55 



APHIS 



A. auranti'aca. 3. Deep orange-scarlet. Mexico. 1844. 

 Roe'zlii. Orange-scarlet. Mexico. 1867. Syn. 



A. Roc'dii. 

 ,. blanchetta'na. Leaves green, silvery veins. Brazil. 



1888. 



chamissonia'na (B. M., t. 6627). Syn. A. punctata. 

 chry'sops (Bull. Cat., 1887, 7-9). 1887. See A. 



SQUARROSA LEOPOLDII. 



cm/a' to. 3. Brilliant orange-scarlet. W. Ind. 1733. 



Syn. Juslicia pulcherrima. 



., crista'ta, (crested) of Lindley. See A. TETRAGONA. 

 du'bia (111. Hort., 1894, 233. t. 15). Garden hybrid. 

 Fasana'tor (111. Hort., 1874, t. 164). i. Scarlet. 



Autumn. New Grenada. 1874. 

 fu'lgens. ij. Orange. Autumn. 1847. 

 glabra'ta. i$. Yellow. Autumn. S. Amer. 1848. 

 HydromSstus (Hydromestus). 2. Yellow. May. 



Mexico. 1842. 



Leopo'ldi. See A. SQUARROSA. 

 libonia'na (B. M., t. 5463). Crimson. 

 , macedouia'na (111. Hort., vol. 33, t. 583). Dark green 



leaves, lighter nerves, with violet-purple beneath. 



Brazil 1886. 



Maclea'yi (Macleay's). Orange-scarlet. 1908. 

 macula'ta (B. M., t. 4556). i. Yellow. Mexico. 

 Margan'ta> (Belg. Hort., 1883, t. 19). Orange. 



Leaves dark green, with lighter green nerves, under 



surface rose. 

 me dio-aura' ta. Leaves bright green, with yellow 



central band. Syn. Graptophvllum medio-auratum. 

 ni'tens. 2103. Vermilion-scarlet. Colombia. 1867. 

 ,, Sinitzi'ni. Scarlet. E. Peru. 1876. 

 orna'ta (Belg. Hort., 1865, t. 3). Yellow, purple. 



Brazil. 1864. 



portea'na. 2. Bright orange. Brazil. 1854. 

 prisma'tica (prismatic). Yellow. Central Amer. 1852. 

 ,, pulche'rrima (fairest). Colombia. 

 pu'mila. Orange coloured. Brazil. 1878. 

 ., sple'ndens (Gfl., t. 1104). Brazil. 

 puncta'ta. See A. CHAMISSONIANA. 

 Roe'zlii. A syn. of A. aurantiaca Raedii. 

 ,, squarro'sA. Brazil. 

 squarro'sa citri'na (Fl. Ser., t 809). Yellow. Brazil. 



1851. 



,, Leopo'ldii. Syn. A. chrysops. 

 sulphu'rea (B. M., t. 5951). Yellow. Guayaquil. 



1872. 



tetrago'na. 2. Autumn. 1846. 

 ,, gra'ndis. September. Merida, Venezuela. 

 imperia'lis (Gfl., 1891, 449, t. 1354). Central 



Amer. 

 variega'ta (B. M., 4899). i|. Yellow. Brazil. 



APHELE XIS. (From apheles, simple, and exis, habit. 

 Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae]. Linn. ig-Syngenesta, 

 2'Superflua.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Referred to Helichrysum. 

 Cuttings in spring or summer ; small side-shoots are best, 

 ripened, but not hard, inserted in sand, under a bell- 

 glass, or in close frame. A very distinct class of plants 

 from the Cape of Good Hope. They are, by some authors, 

 included with the Helichrysums by some authorities, but 

 have so long been known to the trade under the above 

 name, and are so totally distinct in every respect from 

 the ordinary plants known as Helichrysums, that it seems 

 difficult to associate them together, and the above name 

 may well be retained as a separate genus. They require 

 similar treatment to the Cape Ericas. Formerly they were 

 among the plants grown into large specimens for exhibi- 

 tion. Summer temp., 55 to 65 ; winter, 40 to 47. 



A. ericoi'des (heath-like), x. White. June. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1796. 



., fascicula'ta (fascicled). 2. Purple, yellow. June. 

 Cape of Good Hope. 1799. See HELICHRYSUM 



SESAMOIDES. 



a'lba (white-flowered). 2. White. July. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1799. 

 ru'bra (red-flowered). 2. Red. July. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1799. 

 versi'cclor (parti-coloured). 2. Variegated. July. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1799. 

 hu'milis (dwarf). 2. Pink. May. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1810. 

 macra'ntha (large-flowered-dwarf). 2. Purple. 



N. Holland. 1840. 



A. hu'milis ro'sea (rose-large-flowered-dwarf). 2. Rose. 



Gardens. 1845. 

 ,, purpu'rea (purple-large-flowered-dwarf). 2. Purple. 



N. Holland. 1840. 

 scsamoi'des (sesamun-like). 2. Purple, white. May. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1739. See HELICHRYSUM 



SESAMOIDES. 



APHIS. The plant-louse, or green fly ; called some- 

 times the puceron, or vine-fretter. It is usual to consider 

 that every plant liable to be attacked by this insect is 

 the victim of some especial species ; but we think that 

 further examination will reduce the number of species 

 very considerably. Difference in colour certainly does 

 not constitute a specific difference ; for the rose-louse is 

 green when the shoots of the rose are green, but red when 

 the shoots are of this colour. The amount of injury they 

 cause to a plant, by robbing it of its sap or blood, is pro- 

 portioned to their number, and the time they are allowed 

 to infest the subject of their attack. 



Aphis humuli (the Hop aphis) often proves very de- 

 structive to the hop crops. The green fly on our roses 

 (Aphis rosce) is that of which we will now offer a few 

 particulars. It is curious that these always are most 

 abundant after the prevalence of easterly winds ; and 

 Mr. Jenyns observed in Cambridgeshire, during October, 

 and Mr. White, at Selborne, in August, myriads of 

 aphides, in both instances, after the wind had been for 

 some time easterly. So fast do they multiply, twenty 

 generations being producible in one year, and the young 

 in the autumn being born alive, and not from an egg. 

 Reaumur has shown that one female may be the ancestor 

 of nearly six millions in five generations. It is needless 

 to describe minutely the rose aphis. It is usually light 

 green, with green wood ; and red, with red wood, with 

 brown antenna? and legs, and transparent iridescent 

 wings. They frequently change their skins ; and these 

 may be seen hanging about the leaves and shoots of the 

 rose. The males may be known by a double row of black 

 dots on each of their sides. There are many effectual 

 insecticides for the destruction of this troublesome pest 

 if used as soon as they appear, but when the leaves get 

 curled through the moisture being extracted it is diffi- 

 cult to cleanse the trees. 



Aphis pyrimali is of a grass-green colour, attacking 

 { the apple and pear. To prevent its appearance, the 

 I following treatment is said to be very effectual. The 

 , application must be made every other if not every year ; 

 i but once in two years may be sufficient, if thoroughly 

 \ well done. Take i Ib. sulphur vivum, i Ib. Scotch snuff, 



ii Ib. quicklime, Ib. lampblack, i Ib. soft soap, and of 

 water sufficient to make it into the consistence of paint. 

 j Unnail your trees about February, before the bloom-buds 

 begin to swell, and with a common paint-brush paint 

 \ every branch from the ground upwards. 



A. persi&cB is dark green, and is peculiar to the peach 

 I and nectarine. 



A. pruni ravages the plum tribes, and is a very light 

 j green. 



A. rumicis, known popularly as the Black Dolphin and 



: Elephant, is black, and attacks the common bean. The 



tops of beans attacked by the black dolphin should be 



! forthwith removed ; and smaller plants may be syringed 



I with tobacco-water, or water in which elder-leaves have 



j been boiled ; which applications are all fatal to the 



aphis ; syringing with soap-suds, on two or three follow- 



j ing days, is also effectual. 



A. pisi is green, and affects the pea. 

 A. lonicera, woodbine louse. Dingy green. 

 A. cerasi, Morello cherry louse. Appears black. In- 

 fests the under sides of the leaves, especially on wet soils. 

 A. coryli, nut louse. Pale green. 

 A. dahlia, dahlia louse. Amber-coloured. 

 A. ribis, red-currant louse. Blackish. 

 A. ligustri, privet louse. Dark brown. 

 A. ribis-nigri, black-currant louse. Transparent green. 

 A. lathy ri, sweet- pea louse. Dark purple. 

 A. (Cinara) raphani, radish louse. Females, green ; 

 males, lightish-red. 



The aphides on the peach appear the earliest, being, as 

 are all the others, the produce of eggs deposited during 

 the previous autumn. During the spring and summer 

 they are viviparous, and breed with extraordinary 

 rapidity. The gardener does well, therefore, to scrub 

 the branches of his wall-trees, and to boil or change the 



