APHYLLANTHES 



APONOGETON 



shreds every winter, for he thus destroys the pest in 

 embryo. So soon as they appear in spring over each 

 wall-tree a mat should be fastened, and tobacco in some 

 mode, burnt beneath it. Peas, whilst the dew is upon 

 them, may be dusted with Scotch inuff. Over the apple, 

 plum, and other standards, the only available remedy is 

 a repeated application of quicklime, at the same early 

 period of the day, by the means of Curtis's lime-duster. 



The larvae of the Coccinella or Lady-bird, especially 

 C. punctate, the Syrphus, or bee-like fly, the Hemerobius 

 perla, or golden-eyed fly, the ant, some caterpillars, and 

 many of the Ichneumonid<z, are great destroyers of the 

 aphis, and should be encouraged rather than removed. 

 See AMERICAN BLIGHT. 



The following directions are applicable to the destruc- 

 tion of every kind of aphis. When you intend to 

 fumigate your plants, in a house, pit, or frame, choose a 

 still evening, and let your plants be quite dry. Place 

 them closer together, and in the clear space thus obtained 

 put either an iron pan, or, if you have not such a thing, 

 use a hard-burnt garden-pot ; put in it a few red-hot 

 cinders that do not smoke ; upon those cinders put your 

 tobacco, or tobacco-paper, rather damp. A cloud of 

 smoke will immediately rise, and will soon fill the frame. 

 There are several useful fumigators offered by those who 

 supply the tobacco preparations for fumigating, and there 

 are also some most effective liquid fumigants used in 

 the form of vapour, with small spirit-lamps to heat them. 



And for plants in the open, which cannot be fumigated, 

 there are some good liquid preparations, which may be 

 applied with a sprayer or ordinary syringe. As soon as 

 you judge it to be well filled with smoke, remove the pan, 

 or pot, and carry it to the next frame, if you have more 

 than one that requires smoking. Be extremely careful 

 that the tobacco does not break out into a flame, as it is 

 that which does the mischief. If you perceive a likeli- 

 hood of blazing out, prevent it with a sprinkling of water, 

 very gently applied. Cover up the frames with mats to 

 keep in the smoke as long as possible. The next morning 

 examine the aphides, or green flies, and if you find any 

 alive repeat the smoking the following evening. This 

 second application will most effectually destroy all your 

 enemies. You may now syringe the plants pretty 

 severely, to wash away the dead bodies of the slain, and 

 the plants will again thrive and flourish in perfect health 

 and beauty. 



APHYLLA'NTHES. (From aphyllos, leafless, and 

 anthos, a flower ; the flowers on rush-like branches. Nat. 

 ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceas]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



Half-hardy herbaceous perennial. Division of the 

 roots and seeds ; sandy loam and leaf-mould ; requires 

 a warm situation, or a cold pit in winter. 



A. monspelie'nsis (Montpelier). Blue. S. of France. 

 1791. 



API'CRA. (From apicros, not bitter. Nat. ord. 

 IJliaceae.) 



Greenhouse succulents, allied to the genus Aloe ; 

 tuckers and cuttings ; sandy loam. Summer temp., 

 cool greenhouse ; winter, 35" to 45 ; kept rather dry. 



A. a'spera (rougli). i. Grey. June. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1795. 



aspe'rula (roughish). See HAWORTHIA ASPERULA. 

 bicarina'ta (double-keeled), i. Grey. June. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1820. 



bullula'ta (little-blistered). See A. PENTAGONA. 

 conge'sta. r. Whitish. 1843. 

 deltoi'dea. i. Whitish. May. S. Africa. 1865. 

 ,, foliolo'sa (small-leafy), i. Grey. July. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1795. 



,, imbrica'ia (imbricated). See A. SPIRALIS. 

 ., ma'jor. More robust. 



,, ni'gra (rough black). See HAWORTHIA NIGRA. 

 ,, ptniago'na (five-angled), ij. Grey. June. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1731. 

 bullula'ta. ij. Yellow. May. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1795. Syn. Aloe bullulata. 

 spirtftta. ij. Grey. June. Cape of Good Hope. 



1790. 

 ,, ,, Willdeno'vii. . Greenish. Syn. A. spiralis, 



WUldenow, not Linneeus. 

 ,. to'rta (twisted), i. Grey. June. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1800. 



A. ri'gida (rigid). See HAWORTHIA SUBRIGIDA. 

 spira'lis (great spiral), i. Grey. June. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1790. 

 spire'lla (small spiral). See A. PENTAGONA SPIRELLA. 



A'PIOS. (From apion, a pear ; in reference to the 

 form of the roots. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants 

 [Leguminosas]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, 4-Decandria.) 



Hardy tuberous-rooted plant, allied to Glycine. 

 Division of roots ; sandy loam, leaf-mould, and manure. 



A. frutc'scens. See WISTARIA FRUTESCENS. 

 ,, tubero'sa( tuberous-rooted). 6. Brown, pink. August. 

 N. Amer. 1640. 



APIOSPE'RMUM. Syn. of Pistia. 



A'PIUM. (From apon, Celtic word for water ; water- 

 plant. Nat. ord. Umbellifers [Umbellifera;]. Linn. $-Pen- 

 tandria, 2-Digynia.) 



Allied to Parsley. Seeds, spring, and superior, rich 

 soil, for the culinary kinds ; common soD for others. 

 See CELERY. 



A. chile' nse (Chilian), i. White. Chili. 1836. 

 ,, grave'olens (strong-smelling Celery). 4. White. July. 

 Britain. CELERY, which see. 



APLE'CTRUM. (From a, not, and plektron, a spur ; 

 the flower spurless. Nat. ord. Orchids [Orchidaceae], 

 Linn. 2o-Gynandria, i-Monandria.) 



Hardy orchid ; offsets ; sandy peat. 



A, hyema'le (wintry), i. Brown. N. Amer. 1827. 

 APLOTA'XIS. See SAUSSUREA. 



APOCYNA'CE.2E. A numerous family of trees, shrubs, 

 or rarely herbs, generally having a milky, poisonous sap. 

 Flowers regular, solitary, or corymbose ; corolla salver 

 shaped or campanulate. Leaves simple, opposite ; some- 

 times alternate or whorled. Genera included in this 

 order are : Allamanda, Nerium, Tabernaemontana, and 

 Vinca. 



APO'CYNUM. (From apo, from, and kyon, a dog; 

 poisonous to dogs. Nat. ord. Dogbanes [Apocynaceis]. 

 Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Monogynia-.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials. Suckers, division, and 

 seeds ; common garden-soil. 



A. androscemifo'lium (tutsan-leaved). 2. Striped. 



August. N. Amer. 1688. 

 ,, cannabi'num (hemp-like). 3. Yellow. August. N. 



Amer. 1699. 



,, frute'scens. See ICHNOCARPUS. 

 hypfricifo'lium (hypericum-leaved). See A. CANNA- 



BINUM. 

 vene'tum (Venetian). 2. White. June. Adriatic 



Islands. 1690. 



APODOLTRION. (From a, privative, pous, a foot, and 

 lirion, a lily ; the stems are short and hidden in the bulb- 

 neck. Nat. ord. Amaryllidaceae.) 



Greenhouse bulb. Offsets. Loam, peat, and sand. 



A. lanceola'tum (lance-shaped) 

 Africa. 1790. 



. White. July. S. 



APONOGE'TON. (From apon, Celtic for water, and 

 geiton, neighbour ; indicating its places of growth. Nat. 

 ord. Arrowgrasses [Naiadaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, 

 2,-Trigynia.) 



Aquatics, kept in a vessel of water, in stove or green- 

 house, according to their native localities, but all thriving 

 in the stove ; offsets, loam and peat. 



X. angustifo'lium (narrow-leaved), i. White. July. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1788. Greenhouse. 

 ,, cape'nse (G. C., 1906, xxxix. 306). White. S. Africa. 

 cri'spum (curled-leaved). i. White. August. 



Ceylon. 1820. Stove. 

 ,, dista'chyum (two-spiked), i. White. June. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1788. Greenhouse. 

 ,, ro'seum. Rosy tinted. 1885. 

 juncifo'lium (rush-leaved). White. 1747. Stove. 

 Lagran'gei (R. H., 1895, t. 380). A form of A. 



distachyum. 

 monosta'chyon (simple-spiked), i. Pink. September. 



E. Ind. 1803. Stove. 

 (Ouviran'dra) henkelia'num (G. C., 1906, xl. 270, 



ff. 108, 109). Described as a new species ; it has 



